Eastern Mojave Vegetation Field Notes (Continued)  
 

Tom Schweich  

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Literature Cited
  When I first read the field notes of Annie Alexander and Louise Kellogg, I was fascinated by the descriptions they wrote about the places they went and the plants and animals they found there. By publishing my field notes on the Internet I hope to follow a little bit in their tradition.
     

2008

 
     

3 April 2008

 
Full Size Image A portion of the Chesnut and Drew collection of Abronia turbinata/

Other Articles: Mono Basin Flora: Chesnut and Drew

Locations: Bloody Canyon.  

At the UC/JEPS Herbaria, I looked at the Chesnut and Drew collection determined as Abronia fragrans Nutt., made July 18, 1889. While most of Chesnut and Drew's collections were made in Bloody Canyon or at the foot of Bloody Canyon, the location of this collection is merely "near Mono Lake." Regardless of the location, the collection is unusual because the taxon, Abronia fragrams is not found in California, and is therefore likely misidentified. This collection certainly looks to me as A. turbinata. It has small ovoid leaves and the bracts are quite small. This voucher also has a small hand-written annotation of "A. turbinata," so at least one other person has the same opinion. Therefore, I have listed this collection as A. turbinata in my Mono Lake checklist flora.
      Just out of interest, I found collections of A. fragrans from: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Texas, Utah including Zion National Park, and Wyoming.
Full Size Image A portion of the Marcus E. Jones collection of Abronia fragrans  

Locations: Saint George.  

There are no collections from Nevada or California. The closest collection to California is a Marcus E. Jones collection, No. 5906, made at Saint George, Utah, April 26, 1894.
 

Locations: Milford.  

In Utah, the closest collection of A. fragrans to California was made east of Milford, Utah, by P. A. Rydberg and E. C. Carlton, No. 6272, on June 22, 1905.
      Looking through the North American collections, Abronia turbinata has been collected near Weiser, Idaho, and in the Alvord Desert and Harney County of Oregon.
      In northern Nevada, A. turbinata has been collected in Churchill, Humboldt, Pershing, Storey and Washoe counties.
 

Locations: Pinyon Hill. Sand Spring. Candelaria. Tonopah.  

Closer to Mono Lake, the closest locations in Esmeralda County are 10 miles northwest of Tonopah, 2.3 miles NE of Sand Spring in Fish Lake Valley, and north of Pinyon Hill at 2000 m elevation (White Mtns, Collector: Duran). There is one collection from Candelaria in Mineral County. There are collections from Nye County at Tonopah, and 10 miles south of Beatty.
 

Locations: Spring Mountains.  

In Clark County, there are numerous collections from the Spring Mountains (Cottonwood Springs, Vic Wilson's Ranch, and south of Red Rocks), and a single collection from Jean, Nevada.
      There is a single Marcus E. Jones collection from Salt Lake City, Utah, and there are also collections from Dona Ana County, New Mexico, and El Paso, Texas.
 

Locations: Darwin.  

The collection at UC also includes an undetermined Abronia: UC128940, was collected by H. M. Hall and H. P. Chandler No 7166, 10 miles north of Darwin, May 24, 1906. This looks very much like A. turbinata.
     

April 17, 2008

 
Full Size Image Lower Pine Tree Canyon

Other Articles: Pine Tree Canyon Road: near CA Hwy 14 FAQ: Pine Tree Canyon

Locations: Pine Tree Canyon.  

In February, I received a query about Pine Tree Canyon from Cliff, wanting directions into and out of Pine Tree Canyon. I wasn't able to help because I had never visited Pine Tree Canyon. The canyon was listed on my web site only because of a collection of Salvia dorrii there.
Full Size Image Fremont Valley from the mouth of Pine Tree Canyon

Other Articles: California Highway 14: in mouth of Pine Tree Cyn Pine Tree Canyon Road: near CA Hwy 14

Locations: Fremont Valley.  

On my way to Zzyzx, I detoured slightly to check out Pine Tree Canyon.
Full Size Image Los Angeles Aqueduct crosses Pine Tree Canyon

Other Articles: Pine Tree Canyon Road: at aqueduct

Locations: Pine Tree Canyon.  

The lower canyon is open to the public. It seems to be a popular OHV location and there are many camp sites and OHV trails. The upper portion of the canyon is apparently private property, and there is a locked gate with a "No Trespassing" sign.
Full Size Image Pine Tree Canyon at the locked gate.

Other Articles: Pine Tree Canyon Road: at gate

Locations: Pine Tree Canyon.  

This "locked gate" is fairly low in Pine Tree Canyon. Even though it was open when I was there, I did not go through, as I assumed it was unlocked only for the construction workers.

Literature Cited:
- Bureau of Land Management, 2005. Full Size Image Construction on a power line for a wind energy project

Other Articles: Pine Tree Canyon Road: in construction zone

Locations: Pine Tree Canyon.  

There was a construction crew working in the canyon, stringing power lines for the Pine Tree Wind Development Project.
      Collection No. 531, Streptantha, in canyon on north side of Pine Tree Canyon, 11S 0400485 4899939, 35.23989N -118.08823W WGS84, 857 m elev.
Full Size Image CA Hwy 14 at Pine Tree Canyon

Other Articles: California Highway 14: near mouth of Pine Tree Cyn

Locations: Jawbone Canyon.  

 
     

April 19, 2008

 

Literature Cited:
- Reynolds, Robert E., 2008. Full Size Image Bristol Basin from north slope

Other Articles: U. S. Highway 66: just north of Amboy

Locations: Amboy. Bristol Lake.  

 
Full Size Image Desert pavement

Other Articles: Glossary: desert_pavement Eastern Mojave Geology: 380000  

 
Full Size Image Bouse Formation near Amboy      
Full Size Image Examining the Bouse Formation

Other Articles: U. S. Highway 66: just north of Amboy  

 
Full Size Image Lawlor Tuff (Sonoma Volcanics) in the Bouse Formation      
Full Size Image Stromatolite at base of Bouse Formation

Other Articles: Glossary: stromatolite  

 
Full Size Image View southeast along Cadiz Road

Other Articles: Cadiz Road: near Ship Mtns

Locations: Cadiz Valley.  

 
Full Size Image Cadiz Dunes

Other Articles: Cadiz Road: near Ship Mtns

Locations: Cadiz Dunes.  

 

Literature Cited:
- Reynolds, Robert E., 2008. Full Size Image Field Trip Stop, Groundwater Discharge

Other Articles: Cadiz Road: near Ship Mtns  

 
Full Size Image Arizona and California Railroad

Other Articles: Cadiz Road: near Ship Mtns

Locations: Ship Mountains.  

 
     

April 20, 2008

 
Full Size Image Mule Mountain Archaeological Area  

Locations: Mule Mountains.  

 

Literature Cited:
- Reynolds, Robert E., 2008. Full Size Image Plaque at Mule Mountain Archaeological Area  

Locations: Mule Mountains.  

Mule Mountain Archaeological Site
This terrace contains a branching Indian trail and trail circle worn into the desert pavement. Although the purpose of trail circles in not definitely known, then may have been used by the Indians for performing dances called "circle dances." The terrace also contains groups of circles in parallel rows and horseshoe shapes scraped into the pavement surface. When these circles were made or for what purpose is at present unknown. They may be aboriginal or they may be a result of General Pattons' desert training activities during World War II. The terrace has been fenced to protect these cultural manifestations from damage by wheeled vehicles.

For further information contact the nearest BLM office or the patrolling ranger.

Cultural resources are protected by the 1979 Archaeological Resources Protection Act.

Full Size Image Mule Mountain Archaeological Area  

Locations: Mule Mountains.  

 

Literature Cited:
- Reynolds, Robert E., 2008. Full Size Image Stop 2-4. Barnacles.

Other Articles: Hart Mine Road: at Bouse Fm locality  

 

Literature Cited:
- Reynolds, Robert E., 2008. Full Size Image Stop 2-5. Quarry Wash    

 
Full Size Image Trigo Mountains behind the Quarry Wash fossil locality.  

Locations: Trigo Mountains.  

 
Full Size Image Monument on Ben Hulse Highway

Other Articles: California Highway 78: at Ben Hulse Monument

Locations: Ben Hulse Monument.  

BEN HULSE HIGHWAY
Dedicated For Public Use
MARCH 21, 1964
This highway parallels the old Indian trail, still visible from here, connecting the Imperial and Palo Verde Valleys.

The grateful people of Imperial County honor the memory of our beloved Senator Ben Hulse, who worked untiringly for the people of the State of California.

Ben Hulse Highway completes the four state system from Canada to Mexico which culminates twenty five years of work by countless civic minded citizens.

Erected by the Native Sons of the Golden West.

De Anza Parlor No. 312.

Grand President
Joseph G. Oeschger

Full Size Image CA Hwy 78 north of Ben Hulse Monument

Other Articles: California Highway 78: north of Ben Hulse Mnt  

California Highway 78, north of Ben Hulse Monument.
Full Size Image CA Hwy 78 south of Ben Hulse Monument

Other Articles: California Highway 78: south of Ben Hulse Mnt  

California Highway 78, south of Ben Hulse Monument.

Literature Cited:
- Reynolds, Robert E., 2008. Full Size Image Bouse Formation outcrop near the Ben Hulse Monument

Other Articles: California Highway 78: east of Ben Hulse Mnt  

 
Full Size Image Entrance to Sonny Bono National Wildlife Refuge

Other Articles: Sinclair Road: at Salton Sea NWA

Locations: Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge.  

 
Full Size Image Geology talk at Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge

Other Articles: Sinclair Road: at Salton Sea NWA

Locations: Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge.  

 
Full Size Image Cottontail rabbit at Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge

Other Articles: Sinclair Road: at Salton Sea NWA

Locations: Sonny Bono Salton Sea National Wildlife Refuge.  

 
Full Size Image Elmer Power Plant of the California Energy Company

Other Articles: Sinclair Road: at power plant  

 
Full Size Image Rock Hill and Obsidian Butte from Red Island

Other Articles: Red Hill Road: Red Hill

Locations: Obsidian Butte. Red Island. Rock Hill.  

 
Full Size Image Mud Volcanoes

Other Articles: Davis Road: Mud Volcanoes  

 
Full Size Image Mud Volcanoes

Other Articles: Davis Road: Mud Volcanoes  

 
Full Size Image Mud Volcanoes

Other Articles: Davis Road: Mud Volcanoes  

 
     

April 21, 2008

 
Full Size Image Fish Creek Campground

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: Fish Creek Campground

Locations: Fish Creek Campground.  

 
Full Size Image Field Trip Stop 3-1. Fish Creek Gypsum

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: 80839  

The Fish Creek Gypsum is present at the base of the Imperial Group. It interfingers with the top of the Elephant Trees Conglomerate at its base and is laterally equivalent to the fossiliferous near-shore Latrania Formation. It has been interpreted as a sabkah-like deposit, but largely lacks calcite, and otherwise has a distinctive metallic trace element signal of a geothermal vent. The gypsum is 90% pure, over 30 m thick, and has been mined since the 1920s.
Full Size Image Field Trip Stop 3-2. Elephant Trees Conglomerate.

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: 77948  

Dorsey, et al., 2007 provide a the most recent stratigraphic column for the Vallecito Creek / Fish Creek stratigraphic section.

Literature Cited:
- Dorsey, Rebecca J., Amy Fluette, Kristin McDougall, Bernard A. Housen, Susanne U. Janecke, Gary J. Axen, and Catherine R. Shirvell, 2007. Full Size Image Field Trip Stop 3-3. Srutzstrom

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: 70924  

 
Full Size Image Fagonia laevis in Fish Creek.      
Full Size Image Field Trip Stop 3-3. Base of the Latrania Formation

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: 70924  

 
Full Size Image Axis of drag fold      
Full Size Image Field Trip Stop 3-4. First Evidence of Ancestral Colorado River

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: 66473  

 
Full Size Image Wind Caves in sandstone above Fish Creek      
Full Size Image Fossil Reef Interpretive Sign

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: 63918  

Fossil Reef -- High and Dry
Twenty million years ago, where you are standing was the bottom of a warm shallow sea. The Gulf of California covered the region.

Thriving in the warm waters were many varieties of fish, corals, and shellfish. Over thousands of years shells of oysters and pectens accumulated on the sea bottom and were covered with shofting sands. Thick deposits of shells formed reefs in the shallow sea. The Gulf retreated, faults shofted, and the land uplifted, leaving the ancient reefs high and dry.

The ridge to the south has a dark brown crust which is composed entirelyt of fossil mollusks. The reef is hard compated to the soft silts beneath it, and is more resistant to erosion. Can you see that erosion has weathered trhe softer sediment and brought them tight here to your feet. The buttresses beneath the ancient reef are known as Elephant Knees.

As you proceed up Fish Creek be on the lookout for signs of the fossil reef. It can be spotted in the overhanging cliffs above Loop Wash, just a few miles west of here.

Full Size Image Field Trip Stop 3-6. Colorado River delta rythmites

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: 56345  

 
Full Size Image Field Trip Stop 3-7. Yuha Formation.

Other Articles: Fish Creek Wash: 50830  

 
Full Size Image Field Trip Stop 3-8. Arroyo Diablo Formation.

Other Articles: Loop Wash Jeep Trail: in Loop Wash  

 
Full Size Image Vallecito Mountains above Fish Creek

Other Articles: Loop Wash Jeep Trail: in Loop Wash  

 
Full Size Image Ocotillo on Borrego Springs Road      
     

April 22, 2008

 
Full Size Image Cottonwood Spring

Other Articles: Cottonwood Springs Road: at Cottonwood Sprs

Locations: Cottonwood Spring.  

 
Full Size Image Cottonwood Spring

Other Articles: Cottonwood Springs Road: Cottonwood Springs

Locations: Cottonwood Spring.  

 
Full Size Image Interpretive Sign About Pinto Basin

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: Pinto Basin

Locations: Pinto Basin.  

Pinto People
In the Pinto Basin there lies an extinct river along whose banks we found, for nearly six miles, camps containing a culture different from anything we had already encountered.
Elizabeth Campbell (1893-1971)
It is hard to imagine the existence of large bodies of water anywhere in this parched landscape, but exist they did. Here in the Pinto Basin evidence of old shorelines lends proof to a cooler, wetter period when a shallow river coursed the basin. The river attracted life, which explains the fossil bones of extinct camel, horse, llama, sheep, tortoise, and rabbit found here. It also explains the discovery of a distinct human culture that camped along the riverbanks.
Between 1931 and 1935, self-taught archaeologists Elizabeth and William Campbell searched up and down this valley. They followed the ancient riverbank terraces for miles, discovering many small campsites and collecting chipped stone tools -- leaf-shaped points, scrapers, and choppers. The Campbells recognized that these tools were different from others of the region. When the artifacts were radiocarbon tested years later, they registered more than 9,000 years old and confirmed the existence of a vanished people -- the Pinto Culture.
Full Size Image Pinto Mountain, the highest peak in the Pinto Mountains, as seen across the Pinto Basin

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: in Pinto Basin

Locations: Pinto Basin.  

 
Full Size Image Turkey Flats

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: 65000

Locations: Turkey Flat.  

 
Full Size Image Turkey Flats

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: 65000

Locations: Turkey Flat.  

 
Full Size Image Ocotillo in the Pinto Basin

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: 55000  

 
Full Size Image Ocotillo in the Pinto Basin

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: 55000  

 
Full Size Image Desert Lavender in Pinto Basin.

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: 50000  

 
Full Size Image Teddy Bear Cholla

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: 45000  

 
Full Size Image Teddy Bear Cholla

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: 45000  

 
Full Size Image Silver Bell Mine

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: near Silver Bell Mine

Locations: Silver Bell Mine.  

Silver Bell Mine
On the slopes to the south you can see the remains of the Silver Bell Mine, with its tipples still standing. These ore bins held and fed rock to a stamp battery that crushed the ore into a sandy-watery pulp and pushed it onto an amalgamation table where the precious metals were extracted. Though the mines operated some 40 years, ownership and details about the mine's riches are sketchy. Nevertheless, it was a versatile mine: gold in the 1930s, lead in the 1940s, and copper in the 1950s.
Prospectors began staking claims in this desert region around 1865. Gold fever gave rise to mine names like Fore Aces, Big Bozo Claim, Lucky Turkey #2, and Hard Digging. Mining reached its peak here by 1917 and tapered off by the 1960s.
Ore was hoisted from the Silver Bell Mine by the skip and dumped onto the grizzly, which sorted ore into the tipple. A 1958 assay report showed the Silver Bell Mine as having low gold and silver values, but high copper values -- worth about $90 a ton.
Full Size Image Silver Bell Mine

Other Articles: Pinto Basin Road: near Silver Bell Mine

Locations: Silver Bell Mine.  

 
Full Size Image Amboy Road toward Sheephole Pass

Other Articles: Amboy Road: at Iron Age Rd

Locations: Sheep Hole Mountains.  

 
Full Size Image Pediment in Sheephole Pass

Other Articles: Amboy Road: Sheep Hole Pass Glossary: pediment

Locations: Sheep Hole Pass.  

 
Full Size Image Salt Plant on Bristol Lake

Other Articles: Amboy Road: on Bristol Lk Playa

Locations: Bristol Lake.  

 
Full Size Image National Chloride Company

Other Articles: Amboy Road: 20000

Locations: Bristol Lake.  

 

Literature Cited:
- Brown, Howard, 2003. Full Size Image Snowcap Limestone Mine

Other Articles: Kelbaker Road: near Amboy Limestone Quarry Eastern Mojave Geology: at Amboy Limestone Deposit  

Omya (California) operates the Amboy Limestone quarry located 6 miles east of Amboy, California, in the southern Bristol Mountains. The Amboy Limestone deposit, a very high purity, high brightness (white) crystalline limestone deposit is of such high purity it is suitable for pharmaceutical and food grade limestone applications, and can be utilized in products for human consumption. The limstone is mined from an extensive dip slope of Mississippian age Monte Cristo Limestone, Bullion Member, up to 300 feet thick, and 1500 feet long. Current mine life is 55 years, plus reclamation phases for a total operation life of 70 years. The current Phase 1 quarry development occurs in an area of about 10 acres. The ultimate quary will cover approximately 50 acres.
Full Size Image Looking north toward Kelso

Other Articles: Kelbaker Road: near Kelso Dunes

Locations: Kelso Valley.  

 
Full Size Image Desert Lily beside Kelbaker Road

Other Articles: Kelbaker Road: near Kelso Dunes  

 
     

April 23, 2008

 
Full Size Image Mesquite Spring Campground

Other Articles: North Highway: Mesquite Spring Campground  

 
Full Size Image Northern part of Death Valley from Ubehebe Crater

Other Articles: Racetrack Valley Road: near Ubehebe Crater  

 
Full Size Image Dry Mountain from Ubehebe Crater  

Locations: Dry Mountain.  

 
Full Size Image Tin Mountain from Ubehebe Crater  

Locations: Tin Mountain.  

 
Full Size Image Foothills of the Grapevine Mountains along Death Valley Road

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: on Death Valley Road  

 
Full Size Image View into the most northern end of Death Valley

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: on Death Valley Road  

 
Full Size Image General view of Little Sand Spring

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: near Little Sand Spring

Locations: Little Sand Spring.  

 
Full Size Image Vegetation in Little Sand Spring

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: near Little Sand Spring

Locations: Little Sand Spring.  

 
Full Size Image General view of Sand Spring

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: 62500

Locations: Sand Spring.  

 
Full Size Image General view south into Death Valley.

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: near Crankshaft Crossing  

 
Full Size Image Crankshaft Crossing

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: Crankshaft Junction

Locations: Crankshaft Crossing.  

 
Full Size Image Death Valley Road climbs the Last Chance Range

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: near Crankshaft Crossing  

 
Full Size Image Northern end of Death Valley.

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: on Death Valley Road  

 
Full Size Image Death Valley Road traverses the Last Chance Range

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: on Death Valley Rd  

 
Full Size Image General view of Crater

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: near Crater

Locations: Crater.  

 
Full Size Image View west of Little Cow Horn Valley

Other Articles: Death Valley Road: near Little Cow Horn Valley

Locations: Little Cow Horn Valley.  

 
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If you have a question or a comment you may write to me at: tas4@schweich.com I sometimes post interesting questions in my FAQ, but I never disclose your full name or address.  


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Date and time this article was prepared: 5/12/2008 7:50:23 PM