Edited by Tom Schweich  

Names of Historical Reports

The following is an intentionally empty table …

One of several pre-Linnaean botanical texts.

Cited by Lamarck (1783) as a source for Arabis reptans (=Draba reptans).

Dillenius, 1732 Hortus Elthamensis

In 1732 he published Hortus Elthamensis, a catalogue of the rare plants growing at Eltham, London, in the collection of Sherard's younger brother, James (1666—1738), who, after making a fortune as an apothecary, devoted himself to gardening and music. For this work Dillenius himself executed 324 plates; it was described by Linnaeus, who spent a month with him at Oxford in 1736, and afterwards dedicated his Critica Botanica to him, as opus botanicum quo absolutius mundus non vidit, "a botanical work of which the world has not seen one more authoritative". Further, Linnaeus would later name a genus of tropical tree Dillenia in his honor. In the section on Symphyotrichum ericoides refers to the work of Paul Herman, Prodromus of Dutch Flowers, perhaps published posthumously, as follows:

Ab Aftere Novae Angliaw Linariae folio, Chamaemeli floribus, Hermannus Par. Bat. p. 95. …

This appears to refer to:

D. Pauli Hermanni Florae Batavae flores, Ejusdem Paradisi Batavi Prodromus; & tendem post idsius obitum Paradisus ipsa :

That I found in: Joannis Raii (John Ray) … 1704 … Historiae plantarum: tomus tertius … : accessit Historia Stirpium ins. Luzonis & reliquarum Philippinarum a R. P. Gee. Jos. Camello … S. J. conscripta : item D. Jos. Pitton Tournefort … Grollarium institutionum rei herbariae

Gronovius, 1738, Flora Virginica

Jan Frederik Gronovius (also seen as Johann Frederik and Johannes Fredericus) (10 February 1690 in Leiden – 10 July 1762 in Leiden) was a Dutch botanist notable as a patron of Linnaeus.

John Clayton, a plant collector in Virginia sent him many specimens, as well as manuscript descriptions, in the 1730s. Without Clayton's knowledge, Gronovius used the material in his Flora Virginica (1739–43, 2nd ed. 1762).

He was the son of Jakob Gronovius and grandson of Johann Friedrich Gronovius, both classical scholars. In 1719, he married Margaretha Christina Trigland, who died in 1726, and Johanna Susanna Alensoon in 1729. His son Laurens Theodoor Gronovius (1730–1777) was also a botanist.

Royen, 1740, Flora Leydensus Prodromus

Adriaan van Royen (11 November 1704 in Leiden – 28 February 1779 in Leiden) was a Dutch botanist. He was a professor at Leiden University and is associated with Carl Linnaeus.

He is best known for his work on flora of Southeast Asia. Adriaan van Royen formed a close relationship with Linnaeus, who had visited the Leiden Botanic Garden during a stay in Leiden between 1737 and 1738.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1728.

He died in Leiden in 1779.

Gmelin, 1747-1769, Publication Details

Wiggers, 1780, Primitiae Florae Holsaticae

Based on the historical context of 18th-century academic disputations, here is the breakdown of the roles for Primitiae florae Holsaticae (1780):

1. Whose dissertation was it? Wiggers or Weber?

   It is primarily cited as Friedrich Heinrich Wiggers's dissertation, but it was heavily based on the work of Georg Heinrich Weber.

   • Friedrich Heinrich Wiggers is listed as the respondent (the student defending the thesis) and is generally considered the "publishing author" for nomenclatural purposes.
   • Georg Heinrich Weber provided the bulk of the content; the work is often noted as being "largely compiled from the writings of G. H. Weber".
   • Botanical databases often list it under both, or as "Weber in Wiggers".

2. What did Kersten (the praeses) actually do?

   Johann Christian Kerstens was the praeses (chair/professor), which meant he was the supervisor of the dissertation. In the 18th-century university system, the praeses typically:

   • Directed the research and formulated the ideas, even if the student did the writing and defending.
   • Presided over the public defense (disputation).
   • Took responsibility for the academic content, using the dissertation to air their own views or findings through the student.

Summary:

• Student (Respondent): F.H. Wiggers.
• Content Source: G.H. Weber.
• Supervisor (Praeses): J.C. Kerstens.

Walter, 1788, Flora Caroliniana

Thomas Walter (1740-1789) was a British-born American botanist. He is best known for his book Flora Caroliniana (1788), an early yet fairly complete catalog of the flowering plants of South Carolina.

Schreber, 1789-1791, Publication Details

The following is an intentionally empty table …

Gaertner, 1791, Publication Details

Joseph Gaertner (1732 – 1791) was a German botanist, best known for his work on seeds, De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum (1788-1792).

He was born in Calw, and studied in Göttingen under Albrecht von Haller. He was primarily a naturalist, but also worked at physics and zoology. He travelled extensively to visit other naturalists. He was professor of anatomy in Tübingen in 1760, and was appointed professor of botany at St Petersburg in 1768, but returned to Calw in 1770. Much of his productive work involved hybridization of plants and expression of traits in progeny.

Gaertner (1791) appears here because of his publication of Troximon. Today we treat Troximon as a synonym of Krigia Schreb. and the published names in Troximon have been dispersed primarily to Agoseris with one to Krigia and two to Nothocalais. Krigia biflora (Walter) S. F. Blake “Two-Flower Dwarf Dandelion” is found in Colorado, including one collection near Deckers in southwest Jefferson County. Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene “Prairie False Dandelion” is common around Golden s.l.

Fraser's Catalogue, 1813

Remarks the International Plant Names Index (accessed 16 August 2020): Originally distributed by Messrs. Fraser’s Nursery for Curious American Plants and was referred to as Frasers’ catalogues. Reprinted in: Pittonia. 2: 114-119. 1890. Although Nuttall is not cited as the author, he has been generally accepted as the author (see St. Louis Code Art. 46 Ex. 26). Regarding the precise date of publ.: a reference to this Cat. Is made in Bot. Mag. Ad t. 1574. 1 Aug 1813. For several names in the supplement and addenda et corrigenda portions, Pursh (Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 727-751. Dec 1813) referred to Fraser's Catalogue, e.g, pp. 728, 729, 750. For the validly and invalidly published names in this Catalogue, see: J. L. Reveal, Rhodora 70: 25-54. 1968.

• Amorpha canescens Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana [1] (1813), nom. Inval.
• Amorpha nana Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 5 (1813).
• Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 6 [unpaged] (1813).
• Cactus viviparus Nutt. (= Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Britton & Rose), Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 22 (1813). .
• Eriogonum flavum Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana [unpaged] (1813).
• Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 45 (1813).
• Malva coccinea Nutt. (=Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb.), Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 51 (1813).
• Oenothera albicaulis Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 54 (1813), nom. Inval.
• Oenothera cespitosa Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 53 (1813).
• Rudbeckia columnifera Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 75 (1813).
• Yucca glauca Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana no. 89 (1813).

Multiple authors have considered the names published in Fraser's 1813 Catalogue, the author of the names, and the legitimacy of the names. One recent such paper was Reveal (1968) “On the Names in Fraser's 1813 Calalogue.” Original copies of Fraser's Catalogue are quite rare, leading Greene (1890) to republish. Reveal acknowledges that Greene essentially accurately reprinted the catalogue. One change that Greene acknowledges was the addition “[ By T. Nuttall. ]” to the title page, which he says Nuttall wrote in ink on the original.

Possibly among other taxa, the legitimacy of the names in Fraser's Catalogue is important for our Priairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl.

Reveal (1968) thought the author must have been Nuttall, referring to several other papers on the question.

Pursh, 1814-1816, Publication Details

Pursh (1814-16) is an often cited reference for taxa found in Golden s.l.

There are forty-four taxa named by Pursh that are known to occur in Golden s.l..

• Juniperus communis var. depressa Pursh. Common juniper
• Calligonum canescens Pursh (=Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.)
• Musineon divaricatum (Pursh) Raf.. Leafy Wild Parsley
• Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Raf.. Pale Goat-Chicory, as Troximon glaucum Pursh
• Arnica fulgens Pursh. Shining Leopardbane
• Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.. Arrow-Leaf Balsamroot
• Dieteria canescens (Pursh) Nutt.. Hoar False Tansy-Aster
• Erigeron compositus Pursh. Dwarf Mountain Fleabane
• Gaillardia aristata Pursh. Great Blanket-Flower
• Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal. Curly-Cup Gumweed
• Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby. Kindlingweed
• Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners. Hairy False Golden-Aster
• Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh) D. Don ex Hook.. Rush Skeleton-Plant
• Nothocalais cuspidata (Pursh) Greene. Wavy-Leaf Prairie-Dandelion
• Xanthisma spinulosum (Pursh) D.R. Morgan & R.L. Hartman. Lacy Sleepy Daisy
• Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC.. Prairie Bluebells
• Phacelia heterophylla Pursh. Variable-Leaf Scorpion-Weed
• Cleome serrulata Pursh. Rocky Mountain Beeplant
• Euphorbia marginata Pursh. Snow-on-the-Mountain
• Amorpha canescens Pursh. Leadplant ???
• Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh. American Licorice
• Lupinus argenteus Pursh. Silver-Stem Lupine
• Oxytropis lambertii Pursh. Stemless Locoweed
• Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes. Silver-Leaf Indian-Breadroot
• Psoralidium lanceolatum (Pursh) Rydb.. Lemon scurfpea
• Psoralidium tenuiflorum (Pursh) Rydb.. Slimflower scurfpea
• Ribes aureum Pursh. Golden Currant
• Linum lewisii Pursh. Prairie Flax
• Mentzelia decapetala (Pursh ex Sims) Urb. & Gilg ex Gilg. Gumbo-Lily
• Mentzelia nuda (Pursh) Torr. & A. Gray. Goodmother
• Claytonia lanceolata Pursh. Lance-Leaf Springbeauty
• Lewisia rediviva var. rediviva Pursh. Bitter root
• Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl. Narrow-Leaf Four-O'clock
• Oenothera albicaulis Pursh. White-Stem Evening-Primrose
• Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh. Great Plains Indian-Paintbrush
• Mimulus lewisii Pursh. Great Purple Monkey-Flower
• Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant. Scarlet Skyrocket
• Rumex venosus Pursh. Veiny Dock
• Androsace occidentalis Pursh. Western Rock-Jasmine
• Clematis hirsutissima Pursh. Sugarbowls
• Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh. Alkali Buttercup
• Geum triflorum Pursh. Old-Man's-Whiskers
• Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh. Lance-Leaf Figwort
• Viola nuttallii Pursh. Yellow Prairie Violet
• Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Löve. Bluebunch-Wheat Grass

Rafinesque (1818) had the following to say in his review of Pursh (1814) Flora Americae Septentrionalis.

Original Text
…
We have abundant proofs that [Pursh] has introduced many new species, not discovered by, nor belonging to himself, and without the leave of the owners. Mr. Bradbury, for instance, has loudly complained to us, against him, for having so many of his new plants collected in the Missouri, without his permission, which he meant to publish them himself ; but the blame, if any, appears to lay with those friends who put the plants into the hands of Mr. Pursh, since the author of a general Flora is perfectly at liberty to avail himself of all the materials which come to his knowledge, and ought rather to be blamed for omitting them than otherwise.
It is advisable therefor for the discoverers of new plants to publish them speedily themselves, or keep them out of sight, and buried, as misers do their gold.
Many new plants are stated by Mr. P. to grow on the Mississippi and Missouri, without reference to their discoverers, and as he never was there himself, it is to be presumed they were collected by Mess. Lewis or Nuttall, and probably the latter ; the circumstance from which they were derived is illiberal and disingenuous.
…
After all, let no one suppose that we despise the labours of Mr. P : far from it. Few can value them more than we do ; we shal at all times be happy to give credit to any botanist for his real personal exertions : for such, and for the compilation of his Flora, Mr. Pursh does really deserve our thanks, notwithstanding so many errors and omissions. We therefore with him complete success in his future labours, and particularly in the completion of a Flora Canadensis, which we understand he has lately undertaken on the spot. C. S. R.

Palmer & Steyermark. 1935. An Annotated Catalogue of the Flowering Plants of Missouri. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. pp- 375-758, p. 377 ... had this to say about John Bradbury ...

One of the earliest scientific travelers to leave an account of his botanieal observations in Missouri was Mr. John Bradbury, an Englishman who traveled extensively in America from 1809 to 1811. In the preface to the account of his journeys, published in Liverpool in 1819, he states that he arrived in St. Louis on December 31, 1809, and during the ensuing year made extensive excursions into the wilderness for a distance of 80 or 100 miles for the purpose of collecting plants. The following year he accompanied an expedition, in company with Thomas Nuttall, up the Missouri River and to the Pacific Northwest. There are references in his *Journal' to a number of the trees and other plants observed along the river in Missouri, and at the end of the work there is a ** Catalogue of some of the more rare and valuable plants discovered in the vicinity of St. Louis or on the Missouri."

It appears to have been the intention of Bradbury to publish a flora or a full list of his botanical collections, but this intention was not carried out for several reasons. Part of his collection was lost or damaged in transit to England, and his travels in America were cut short by the War of 1812. Upon his return to England he discovered that the part of his collection that had arrived safely had been submitted to Mr. Frederick Pursh, who had described a number of the new species in an appendix to his ‘Flora Americae Septentrionalis. Thus Pursh, who had traveled in other parts of North America but who had never been west of the Mississippi River, became the first botanical author to describe plants collected in Missouri.

Rafinesque, 1817, Florula Ludoviciana

Nuttall, 1818, Gen. Am.

Types published by Nuttall in this volume that are found in Golden s.l.

• Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (Calligonum canescens Pursh)
• Ambrosia tomentosa Nutt.
• Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. Silver Wormwood.
• Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. Wavy Leaved Thistle, as Cnicus undulatus Nutt.
• Erigeron pumilis Nutt. Shaggy Fleabane.
• Iva xanthiifolia Nutt. Carelessweed, =Cyclachaena xanthiifolia (Nutt.) Fesen.
• Senecio integerrimus Nutt. Columbia Ragwort.
• Solidago speciosa Nutt. Showy Goldenrod.
• Collomia linearis Nutt. Tiny Trumpet.
• Solanum triflorum Nutt. Cutleaf Nightshade.
• Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. “Yellow Owls Clover.”
• Delphinium virescens Nutt. (=Delphinium carolinianum subsp. virescens (Nutt.) R. E. Brooks)
• Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. (=Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus) Buffalo Grass
• Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Little Barley, on the plains of the Missouri.
• Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. False Buffalograss.
• Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. Tumblegrass, as Lepturus paniculatus.

  Nuttall types published elsewhere.

• Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb., published in Fraser (1813) as Malva coccinea.
• Oenothera cespitosa Nutt. Tufted Evening Primrose, published in Fraser's (1813) Catalogue.
• Monarda pectinata Nutt. “Plains Beebalm”, published in 1848, Plants Collected by Gambel.
• Physalis longifolia Nutt. “Longleaf Groundcherry,” published in 1834, Flora of Arkansas
• Agoseris parviflora (Nutt.) D. Dietr. “Steppe Goat-Chicory,” published in 1841 as Troximon parviflorum
• Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. “Small-Leaf Pussytoes.” published in 1841.
• Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Golden Tickseed, published in Arkansa report, 1821.
• Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Largeflower Hawksbeard, published in report of plants collected by Nathaniel Wyeth, 1834a
• Helianthus pumilus Nutt. Little Sunflower. Published in 1841.
• Heliomeris multiflora Nutt. Showy Golden Eye. Published in 1841.
• Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. (Syn: Rudbeckia columnifera Nutt.) “Upright Prairie Coneflower.” Published in Fraser (1813) Catalogue, with the name attributed to Nuttall.
• Senecio plattensis Nutt. =Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve, published in Nuttall (1841).
• Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri Goldenrod, published in report of plants collected by Nathaniel Wyeth, 1834a.
• Solidago nana Nutt. Baby Goldenrod, published in Nuttall (1841).
• Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. Ex A. Gray. Star Lily, published by Gray (1848).
• Aristida purpurea Nutt. Purple Threeawn, published in Nuttall (1834) account of his trip to the Arkansa Territory.
• Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) Hitchc. Mountain Muhly, published as Calycodon montanus by Nuttall in his 1848 account of the collections by Gambel.

American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, Rafinesque, 1817-1818

One of Rafinesque's several publication series.

Elliott, 1821-1824, Publication Details

Elliott (1821-1824) published his Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia.

Nuttall, 1821, Publication Details

Nuttall (1821) describes his nearly disastrous exploration of the Arkansas River in 1818-1820.

Sprengel, 1826, Publication Details.

…

Although purporting to be 16th edition Linnaeus' Systema vegetabilium, this work must be attributed to Sprengel. In fact this should count as the 17th edition, as the real 16th edition that of Roemer & Schultes.

Torrey, 1828, Rocky Mountain Plants of Dr. Edwin P. James.

Torrey's final account of plants collected by Edwin James in 1820.

Rafinesque, 1833, Publication Details

Nuttall, 1834a, Wyeth Expedition

Nuttall (1834a) described plants brought back by Nathaniel Wyeth from his expedition to the Oregon Territory.

• Phlox longifolia Nutt. “Longleaf Phlox.”
• Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Largeflower Hawksbeard.
• Solidago missouriensis Nutt. Missouri Goldenrod.

Nuttall, 1834b, Flora of the Territory of Arkansas

The following is an intentionally empty table …

• Physalis longifolia Nutt. “Longleaf Groundcherry.”
• Aristida purpurea Nutt. Purple Threeawn.

Fresenius, 1836, Publication Details

Johann Baptist Georg (George) Wolfgang Fresenius (1808-1866) was a German physician and botanist, known for his work in the field of phycology. He was a native of Frankfurt am Main.

He studied medicine at the Universities of Heidelberg, Würzburg and Giessen, earning his doctorate at the latter institution in 1829. Afterwards he settled in Frankfurt am Main, where he worked as a general practitioner of medicine while maintaining an active interest in botany.

As a student in Heidelberg and afterwards, he studied botany with his friend George Engelmann (1809-1884), who later became a renowned German-American botanist. From 1831 Fresenius was curator of the Senckenberg herbarium and a teacher at the Senckenberg Research Institute (Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg). With his student Anton de Bary (1831–1888), he conducted microscopic investigations of algae and fungi. He died in Frankfurt on 1 December 1866 at the age of 58.

Footnotes from Index Seminum in which Cyclachaena is proposed	Page 1 from Index Seminum Frankfort/Am Main

Lawson, 1836, Agriculturist's Manual

Published in Edinburgh; see Linzer Biol. Beitr. 28: 1048. 1996

Names in this publication:

• Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson & C. Lawson. “Ponderosa Pine”

Torrey & A. Gray, 1838-1843, Flora of North America

Torrey & A. Gray (1838-1943) in two volumes …

• Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. ex Torr & A. Gray

Nuttall, 1841, Tour across the Continent to the Pacific, a Residence in Oregon, and a Visit to the Sandwich Islands

In 1834, Nuttall resigned his post and set off west again on an expedition led by Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth, this time accompanied by the naturalist John Kirk Townsend. They travelled through Kansas, Wyoming, and Utah, and then down the Snake River to the Columbia. Nuttall then sailed across the Pacific Ocean to the Hawaiian Islands in December. He returned in the spring of 1835 and spent the next year botanizing in the Pacific Northwest, an area already covered by David Douglas. On the Pacific coast, Nuttall heard of the ship Alert leaving San Diego in May 1836, bound for Boston.

Nuttall types published in this volume:

• Agoseris parviflora (Nutt.) D. Dietr., published in 1841 as Troximon parviflorum
• Antennaria parvifolia Nutt. Small-Leaf Pussytoes.
• Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. Tasselflower Brickellbush.
• Helianthus pumilus Nutt. Little Sunflower.
• Heliomeris multiflora Nutt. Showy Golden Eye.
• Psilochenia occidentalis Nutt. (Syn: Crepis occidentalis Nutt.)
• Senecio plattensis Nutt. =Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve
• Solidago nana Nutt. Baby Goldenrod.

No mention is made of any Salix.

Nuttall, 1842-1849, North American Sylva

Nuttall extended Michaux's three-volume North American Sylva, with three additional volumes, containing all the forest trees discovered in the Rocky Mountains, the territory of Oregon, down to the shores of the Pacific and into the confines of California, as well as in various parts of the United States.

Dates

Vols. 1-3 (issued as vols. 4-6 of a 6-volume series), 1842-1849
1(1): 1-56. med 1842
1(2): 57-136. Jul-Dec 1842
2: 1-123. 1846
3: 1-148. 1849.

Remarks

With Illustrated by 122 finely colored plates. By Thomas Nuttall … The whole forming six volumes, and comprising 278 plates --Note on t.-p.

Names first published in these volumes:

• Salix exigua Nutt.

Fremont, 1845, Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains

The following is an intentionally empty table …

The Catalogue of Plants for Frémont's 1842 expedition starts on page 75. The Polygonaceae is listed on page 96, those listed being Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt., E. caespitosum Nutt., E. umbellatum Torr., E. fremontii n. sp. (=E. brevicaule Nutt.), and E. annuum Nutt.

The descriptions of plants for Frémont's 1843-'44 expedition begins on page 311. The Eriogonum described include E. inflatum Torr. and Frém., E. reniforme Torr. and Frém., and E. cordalum Torr. and Frém. (=E. cordatum Torr & Frém., and is impossible to place unequivocally, per FNANM.)

No mention is made of E. alatum though Frémont and Torrey were aware of it.

Dietrich, 1847, Publication Details

David Nathaniel Friedrich Dietrich (1800 – 1888) was German botanist and gardener. In 1828 Dietrich worked as a botanical gardener in Jena. In 1836 he received his doctorate at the University of Jena, and later served as a curator at the botanical garden in Jena. Dietrich wrote pamphlets on poisonous plants, mosses, and forest flora and fauna of Germany as well as several botanical encyclopedias. His five-volume, 1839-1852 Synopsis Plantarum, cited here, included about 80,000 species and 524 genera. The five-volume Flora of Germany published from 1833 to 1864 contains 1150 colored panels. The two-volume Forst Flora and the 476 booklets of the comprehensive Flora Universalis are his most famous work (Wikipedia, 2020).

Roemer, 1847, Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr.

Max Joseph Roemer (1791–1849) was a German botanist who worked in Weimar. He served as a Landrichter (country judge) in the Bavarian town of Aub, afterwards working as a private scientist in Würzburg. He is the taxonomic authority of the genera Heteromeles, Pyracantha and Erythrocarpus as well as of numerous plant species.

Emory, 1848, Publication Details

Torrey (1848) illustration of Fallugia paradoxa.

Nuttall, 1848, Plants collected by William Gambel

This paper describes collected by William Gambel in the vicinity of Santa Fe, New Mexico, between June and September, 1841, and in February-July, 1842, in California. Nuttall also used the paper to describe additional plants he collected on his 1834 trip to Oregon Territory. The publication appears in two forms.

A related publication would be Gray's (1849) Planta Fendlerianae Novi-Mexicanae.

Names published in this volume that Gambel collected:

• Quercus gambelli Nutt. “Gambel's Oak.”

Names published int his volume that Nuttall collected:

• Eriogonum effusum Nutt. “Spreading Buckwheat.”
• Eucycla Nutt., now treated as a subgroup of Eriogonum Michaux.

No mention is made of any willows.

Hooker's journal of botany and Kew Garden miscellany, 1849-1857

Names published here:

• Vol. 5, Abronia fragrans Nutt. ex Hook.

• Vol. 1, Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl.

Gray, 1849, Plantae Fendlerianae Novi-Mexicanae

This publication describes some of the plants collected by Augustus Fendler in the vicinity of Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 1846 to August 1847. It ends with the phrase “To be continued,” though it was not.

Gray, 1852, Plantæ Wrightianæ, Part I

Gray (1852-1853) account of plants collected by Charles Wright.

PLANTAE WRIGHTIANAE TEXANO-NEO-MEXICANAE:

AN ACCOUNT

or

A COLLECTION OF PLANTS MADE BY CHARLES WRIGHT, A. M.,

IN AN EXPEDITION FROM TEXAS TO EL PASO, NEW MEXICO, IN THE SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1849.

Mr. Charles Wright, who has for several years past devoted much attention to the botany of Texas, returned to Galveston from the North in the spring of 1849, and proceeded to San Antonio, purposing to avail himself of the opportunity afforded by the movement of a body of United States troops from this place across the country to El Paso, in Southern New Mexico, to investigate the natural history, and especially the botany, of this hitherto untrodden region. A recommendation from the War Department, that all proper facilities should be furnished to Mr. Wright, in furtherance of his arduous and entirely scientific undertaking, procured for him only the free transportation of his paper for preserving specimens, and of the collections he was enabled to make. This favor he owes to the kindness of Captain French, the quartermaster of the expedition, to whom and to Major Henry and Major Van Horn, Mr. Wright desires to express his thanks. The train left the frontier settlement of Castroville about the first of June, and reached El Paso early in September. The remainder of that month was devoted to making collections in the vicinity of that interesting station. Finding that much time would necessarily be lost in passing the long winter in New Mexico, Mr. Wright retraced his steps, and accompanied his rich collections back to Texas by the return train, leaving El Paso in October, and reaching San Antonio late in November. In returning he was enabled to add to his collection some species which had escaped notice during the outward journey, or which were not then in season, as well as largely to increase his collection of seeds, and of living Cactaceous plants. Specimens of the latter have been placed in the hands of Dr. Engelmann, of St. Louis, for examination. The seeds have been divided between the Botanic Garden of Harvard University, under my charge, and the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, under the direction of Sir Wm. Hooker.

A full set of the plants here enumerated or described is retained in my own herbarium ; another becomes the property of the Smithsonian Institution, which has efficiently patronized this exploration. It will there form, with similar sets of the collections of Fendler and Lindheimer, made in New Mexico and Texas, the nucleus of an important and authentic North American herbarium, destined to be enriched, I trust, by continued accessions, especially from our newly-acquired territories, until it shall comprise representatives of our whole flora, and specimens of all the vegetable products of our wide country.

Another set of these plants will be found in the herbarium of John A. Lowell, Esq., of Boston, who has liberally patronized Mr. Wright's scientific explorations. The others, eight or nine in number, are about to be issued to the subscribers who have applied for them.

The numbers prefixed to the names are those under which the specimens are distributed. Those marked with a †, in place of a number, were collected in single specimens, or at least not in sufficient quantity for distribution.

The whole will give a good idea of the vegetation, and consequently of the climate, general character, and capabilities, of the region traversed. I append, from time to time, notices or characters of plants gathered by other collectors in adjacent regions, especially by Dr. Wislizenus in the valley of the Rio Grande and in Chihuahua, and by the indefatigable Dr. Gregg* in the same district and in the northern provinces of Mexico, — chiefly from materials obligingly furnished by Dr. Engelmann.

Orders or genera elaborated by Dr. Engelmann, Dr. Torrey, Mr. Bentham, or others, have the name of the author prefixed.

A proper account of the topography and physical character of the region traversed by the United States troops in their march from Texas to New Mexico will doubtless be officially published, before the printing of this memoir is completed. It is therefore unnecessary for me to attempt to compile any such account from Mr. Wright's disjoined and necessarily imperfect memoranda.

A. GRAY.

Harvard University, Cambridge, May, 1850.

* Tidings of the lamented death of this most assiduous collector, in California, have just been received.

Gray, 1853, Plantæ Wrightianæ, Part II

Gray, 1853, Plantæ Wrightianæ, Part II

PLANTAE WRIGHTIANAE TEXAN0–NE0-MEXICANAE.

Part II.

The object of this memoir is to give a scientific account of the botanical collections made by Mr. Charles Wright, in New Mexico, or on the route thither from Eastern Texas, during the summer and autumn of 1851, and the spring and early part of the summer of the present year, 185 '2. In the former memoir, the publication of Mr. Wright's large collection made in 1849 was carried as far as to the end of the Order Compositae. On the present occasion I propose to give a similar account of these more recent collections, up to the same point, and hereafter, as soon as other engagements will permit, to combine the account of the remaining portions of these several collections, along with those of Mr. Fendler and Mr. Lindheimer (the publication of which has likewise been arrested at the same point), into one general memoir.

Mr. Wright's collection in the year 1851 was made under the auspices of Colonel Graham, of the Topographical Engineers, while attached to the scientific corps of the U. S. Boundary Commission, then under Colonel Graham's charge. It is intended more particularly to illustrate the new genera and species it comprises in an appendix to Colonel Graham's Report, called for by the United States Senate : and a phytographical account of the regions traversed, and of the stations which particular plants occupy or affect, drawn up by Mr. Wright, at my request, will give the general features of the vegetation of the whole region. For the present I need only state, generally, where the collections were made. The first portion was gathered during the journey from San Antonio, Texas, to El Paso, in May and June, 1851, and therefore on groumd that Mr. Wright had more leisurely traversed, two years previously, at a later season. This was forwarded to me in time for the incorporation of a part of its novelties in my former memoir (q. v. p. 17). The later portion was made from July to November, during a journey from El Paso to the copper mines of Santa Rita del Cobre, in the southwestern part of New Mexico, and thence into the northern part of the Mexican state of Sonora, as far as to Santa Cruz, returning to the copper mines by way of Guadalupe Pass, and thence back to El Paso. This collection is one of exceeding interest ; and, I think, comprises a larger proportion of new species than any other that has fallen into my hands.

In the spring of 1852, while performing his official duties in the Boundary Commission, under the orders of Major Emory, the successor of Colonel Graham, Mr. Wright made an interesting vernal collection, in the vicinity of El Paso and the rancho of Frontera, and down the Rio Grande for sixty or seventy miles ; also up the valley as far as Camp Fillmore, and thence into the Organ Mountains which bound the valley on the east. A hasty excursion was also made to Lake Santa Maria and Lake Gusman in Chihuahua, the latter seventy or eighty miles southwest of El Paso. These vernal collections afford many novelties, no botanist having previously explored this region at that season of the year. The remainder of the collection for this year was gathered during a rapid journey, in June and July, from New Mexico back to Eastern Texas, by the route which Mr. Wright had already twice traversed. Still, it comprises a few plants not seen before, as well as specimens in a different state or better condition.

The numbers annexed, after the habitat, are those affixed to the distributed specimens ; and, to avoid confusion, they follow from the end of Mr Wright's distributed collection of 1849. Specimens not thus numbered are ticketed with their names.

Harvard University, Cambridge, October, 1852.

Pericome caudata A. Gray “Mountain Tail-Leaf” along the Peaks to Plains Trail.

Sitgreaves, 1853, Expedition Down the Zuni and Colorado Rivers

Sitgreaves, 1953 …

Report on the Natural History of the country passed over by the exploring expedition under the command of Brevet Captain L. Sitgreaves, U. S. Topographical Engineers, during the year 1851. By S. W. Woodhouse, M.D., Surgeon and Naturalist to the Expedition. … pae 31

Mr. Wright, an enterprising botanist, has passed over this route several times, and the plants have been described by Doctors Torrey and Gray, many of which have been already published by them in the Smithsonian Contributions, under the title, “Plantae Wrightianae.”

Zoology. Mammals and Birds, by S. W. Woodhouse, M. D. Reptiles, by Edward Hallowell, M. D. Fishes, by Prof. S. F. Baird and Charles Girard. … page 41

Botany. by Professor John Torrey. … page 153

For Eriogonum alatum, the citation is “(Torr., l. c.;)” Two entries up, i.e., that for Eriogonum orthocladon, the citation is “(Torr. mss., in D. C. Prodr. ined.:)” which I think means “I, Torrey, described this in a manuscript I gave to DeCandolle for his use in his Prodromo.”

Marcy, 1854, Publication Details

Pacific Railroad Reports, Beckwith

The following is an intentionally empty table …

Volume II, first article gives a narrative of the Gunnison expedition, and describes the death of the Captain.

October 25.—Captain Gunnison, with Mr. R. H. Kern, Mr. F. Creutzfeldt, and Mr. Wm. Potter, (guide,) with John Bellows, and a corporal and six men from the escort, left camp at a late hour this morning to explore the vicinity of Sevier lake, supposed to be distant some fifteen or eighteen miles. From Captain Gunnison’s journal I extract the description of the country and operations of the party during the day, written after they had encamped for the night: “I came down the river southwest for nine miles, and then, bearing more west for two miles, concluded to encamp, as the water below might prove too salt. The route was through heavy artemisia for five miles, when we came upon more open plains to the nine-mile point, where we met with sloughs alive with geese, ducks, brant, pelicans, and gulls. A few hawks were careering in the high wind, and the black-eared and black-tailed rabbits were very numerous in the large artemisia.

“The mountains wore all day their white night mantle of snow, and we had squalls from the north, with snow falling on the high mountains on all sides of us. Towards sunset it brightened up a little, and our hunters brought in four ducks of as many different varieties.”

The remainder of the surveying party left under my charge, with the escort under Captain Morris, crossed the river at an excellent ford at the point of our encampment, immediately after the departure of Captain Gunnison, and, agreeably to his request, proceeded up the river in a northeast direction, encamping at a late hour on the river bottom where it is unusually wide. The river at this point makes a long bend in the plain to the south, passing through drifting sand-hills partially covered with artemisia. We had passed southward to avoid these hills in crossing from Cedar spring to the river, and to-day we passed to the west of the largest of them, yet our route was very heavy and the labor severe on our animals. The day, too, was cold and blustering, with occasional slight squalls of snow in the plains, while in the mountains it fell during the greater part of the day. Those of us who were mounted halted frequently—the wagons coming on very slowly—and built fires of sage, which being resinous burnt very freely, with a large flame for the moment, giving out abundant heat. With the setting sun the wind went down, and the night was clear and cold; and at a late hour the pure mountain snows reflected beautifully the clear light of the waning moon, while all around was quietness and repose. The gap by which the Sevier river passes the Un-kuk-oo-ap mountains is called a canon; but at this distance—six miles directly in front of us to the northeast—it appears like anything but a canon passage, although the river may wind from side to side, striking against the foot of the mountains, preventing an easy passage for wagons in its natural state. A large Indian trail, however, passes directly up the river into it. This range of mountains, as seen from our present and last camps, seems to terminate a few miles to the north, leaving a broad, open passage of several miles between it and the succeeding range to the west, in which the waters of the Sevier and Great Salt lakes are divided only by gentle slopes. Distance, 14.27 miles.

October 26.—The morning was clear and cold, and Mount Nebo, seen through the Sevier river gap, with its pure mantle of snow, half enveloped in floating misty clouds, mildly reflecting the rays of the rising sun, presented one of the most beautiful mountain scenes I have ever witnessed. Our animals were kept out to graze until a late hour. At 11 o’clock, however, a party was despatched to ascertain the practicability of the passage around the mountain and thence north to the Great Salt lake ; and, without moving camp again , until the return of Captain Gunnison, it was intended to examine the passage of the Sevier river the following day. But the first party had scarcely proceeded a hundred yards from camp, when it was met by a man, weak and exhausted, reeling breathless into camp, barely able to communicate, by a few broken sentences, as he sank into a seat, the painful intelligence that Captain Gunnison’s party had been surprised in their camp by a large party of Indians, and, he thought, all but himself massacred. Orders were instantly given by Captain Morris, and promptly obeyed by all the men remaining with him of his escort, to replenish their ammunition ; and having brought up and saddled their horses, in thirty minutes they were moving rapidly towards the scene of that fatal disaster, hoping to rescue all who might yet survive and perform the last mournful duties of humanity to those who were known to have fallen.

The man who first reached camp was the corporal of the escort, who had made his escape on his horse, and had ridden him until he could go no further, leaving him at our camp of the previous day, whence he ran on foot fourteen miles—twenty-five in all—arriving, without arms, in the condition I have described. Another of the escort reached camp on horseback, before Capiain Morris’ departure; and two others were met by him in the course of the afternoon, making their way towards camp. The horses of Dr. Schiel, who had accompanied Captain Morris, and of his sergeant and several of his men, gave out during their rapid march, and their riders were left straggling behind; but eventually all arrived safely in camp—-the sergeant and some of the men, from their own folly, in a poor plight.

Before Captain Morris’ departure the train animals were driven in, with the intention at first of removing the train to a more secure place, with the two young gentlemen, Homans and Snyder, and the teamster force, some of whom were unarmed, to guard it. But it was subsequently determined to break up the camp altogether, and move towards a convenient point, where Captain Morris and myself could meet on the following or succeeding day, and take such measures for future operations as circumstances might require, with better means within our reach than we could command at any other point.

Crossing the river at the camp, we took the shortest line to escape from the sand, which proved far heavier than that of the previous day, but it was 7.44 miles in a southeast course, beyond a border of small cedars a mile wide, among which the sand was so drifted that it was only by innumerable windings and contortions of teams and wagons, that we at last escaped from it and reached the plain of grass a mile or two wide, which here lies on the gradual slope of the mountain. Here we encamped. In crossing the sand-hills numerous fresh Indian tracks were seen, notwithstanding the prevalence of a high wind; but the night passed quietly, and at sunrise we travelled southward along the base of the mountain, hoping to escape a continuation of the sand of the previous day, in which we were only partially successful, however, as it continued heavy for ten miles. We then passed a spur of the mountain and changed our course from south to southeast, and struck the trail we had made in going from Cedar spring to the Sevier river, six miles from the spring, at which we found a large camp of Mormons, on their way to settle at Parawan, near Little Salt lake. Here we encamped and turned our animals out to graze on the hills; the 20.93 miles of to-day being the severest day’s labor performed by them, although the day was cool, during the whole course of our long summer journeyings. The last of our animals were not out of harness when Captain Morris arrived, confirming our worst fears for the fate of our late comrades.

Captain Gunnison had encamped early in the afternoon, while the wind and storm were yet fresh, and doubtless feeling the security which men come to indulge after passing long periods of time surrounded by savages without actually encountering them. The abundant grass and fuel of a little nook in the river bottom, sheltered by the high second bank of the river on one side, and thick willows, distant scarcely thirty yards, on two of the others, with the river in front, offered a tempting place of comfort and utility, which was perhaps accepted without even a thought of danger. It was known to the party that a band of Indians was near them, for we had seen their fires daily since entering the valley; but an unusual feeling of security against them was felt, as Captain Gunnison had learned that a recent quarrel, resulting in several deaths, which they had had with emigrants, had terminated, and that notwithstanding this difficulty they had remained at peace with the neighboring settlers, which had been confirmed and guarantied for the future in a “talk” held with some of the Indians of this band, by an agent of the governor of the Territory, during our stay near Fillmore. This information, Captain Gunnison told me before leaving, relieved him from any apprehension he might otherwise have felt regarding this band, and was the reason for his haying asked for so small an escort to accompany him, which he as well as his guide, an experienced citizen of the Territory, deemed sufficient.

The usual precaution of a camp guard had been taken, each of the party (including the commander) in turn having performed that duty during the night. At the break of day all arose and at once engaged in the usual duties of a camp preparatory to an early start, to reach that day the most distant point of exploration fur the present season. The sun had not yet risen, most of the party being at breakfast, when the surrounding quietness and silence of this vast plain was broken by the discharge of a volley of rifles and a shower of arrows through that devoted camp, mingled with the savage yells of a large band of Pah-Utah Indians almost in the midst of the camp; for, under cover of the thick bushes, they had approached undiscovered to within twenty-five yards of the camp-fires. The surprise was complete. At the first discharge, the call to “ seize your arms” had little effect. All was confusion. Captain Gunnison, stepping from his tent, called to his savage murderers that he was their friend; but this had no effect. They rushed into camp, and only those escaped who succeeded in mounting on horseback, and even then they were pursued for many miles. The horse of one fell near camp, tumbling his rider under a bush, where he lay for six or seven hours, while the Indians were passing him on every side, until finally he could no longer hear them near him or in the camp, when he left, and was met soon afterwards by Capt. Morris’ party, which reached the fatal spot just before night. Two Indians were seen a mile or two from camp by Lieutenant Baker and Mr. Potter, brother of the guide, but they were not able to come up with them before night enabled them to escape. The bodies of the slain were not all found at dark, and hope still lingered as a bright fire was built to assure any survivor of safety. But the long weary night, rendered hideous by the howling of wolves, wore away, as this little band of armed men, barely larger than that which had already been sacrificed, lay near the fatal spot, and day dawned only to discover the mutilated remains of their recent comrades, none of them being scalped—a barbarity which some of the tribes on this part of the continent seldom indulge. Borne of their arms were, however, cut off at the elbows, and their entrails cut open; and, the wolves having had access to them during the day and to those exposed during the night, their bodies were in such a condition that it was not deemed possible to bring them away—not even that of Captain Gunnison, who had fallen pierced with fifteen arrows.

The statement which has from time to time appeared (or been copied) in various newspapers of the country since the occurrence of these sad events, charging the Mormons or Mormon authorities with instigating the Indians to, if not actually aiding them in, the murder of Captain Gunnison and his associates, is, I believe, not only entirely false, but there is no accidental circumstance connected with it affording the slightest foundation for such a charge.

Pacific Railroad Reports, Botany, Torrey & Gray

The following is an intentionally empty table …

Volume II, about in the middle, in the Report on the Botany of the Expedition. Part II of that report covers the Botany of the expedition led by Gunnison.

PART II. Plants collected by Mr. F. Creutzfeldt, under the direction of Captain J. W. Gunnison, U. S. Army, in charge of explorations for a railroad from Fort Leavenworth, by the way of the Kansas and Arkansas rivers, to Bent's Fort; thence by the Huerfano river and Sangre de Crista Pass to the valley of San Luis; thence west from that valley to Grand and Green rivers; thence into the Great Basin, Utah, to the vicinity of the Sevier or Nicollet lake. The collection was commenced at Westport, in Missouri, in June, 1853, and fnished late in October.

Pacific Railroad Reports, Whipple, Botany, Cactaceae, Engelmann & Bigelow

George Engelmann and John M. Bigelow described to Cactaceae from the Whipple expedition.

Two names of interest that were first described in this report are Opuntia tortispina and O. cymochila.

DeCandolle, 1824-1874, Prodromo

Multi-volume …

Torrey, 1859

The following is an intentionally empty table …

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.213
• LCCN: https://lccn.loc.gov/01004135
• OCLC: 2338704
• TL2: NEW
• Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q51430742

Parry, 1862, Physiographical Sketch of [a] Portion of the Rocky Mountain Range

Hayden, F. V., 1870, Wyoming

This catalogue embraces the plants collected in Wyoming Territory, by Dr. F. V. Hayden, during the geological survey of 1870 — at Camp Carlin, from July 25 to 30, on the route from Fort D. A. Russell, via Fort Fetterman, Sweetwater, South Pass, Wind Eiver Mountains, and Green River, to Fort Bridger, from August 1 to September 13 ; in the Uinta Mountains, south of Henry's Fork of Green River, in the latter half of September, and on Henry's Fork, in the month of October. To these are added his collection in the North Park, Colorado Territory, August, 1868, and another, made by Mr. B. H. Smith, in the region around the city of Denver, during the summer of 1869.

Watson, 1871, Botany, United States Geological Explorations on the Fortieth Parallel

Sereno Watson was the botanist and wrote the Botany volume, with assistance from D. C. Eaton and others.

Porter & Coulter, 1874, Synopsis of the flora of Colorado

John M. Coulter was expedition botanist on Hayden's 1873 Expedition to Colorado.

The work is based chiefly on collections made, in 1861 and succeeding years, by Dr. C. C. Parry, whose indefatigable labors have added so much to our knowledge of the flora of the region; in 1862 by Messrs. Hall and Harbour; in 1867, by Dr. W. A. Bell, of Manitou Springs; in 1868, by Dr. F. V. Hayden; in 1869, by B. H. Smith, Esq., of Denver; in 1871, by Dr. George Smith and W. M. Canby, Esq.; in 1871 and 1873, by Messrs. Meehan and Hooper; in 1872, by J. H. Redfield, Esq.; in 1872 and 1873, by T. S. Brandegee, Esq., of Canon City, Rev. E. L. Greene, of Pueblo, and T. C. Porter; and in 1873, by J. M. Coulter.

Wheeler, 1878, Report upon United States Geographical surveys west of the one hundredth meridian

The Wheeler Survey was a survey of a portion of the United States lying west of the 100th meridian. It comprised multiple expeditions, and was supervised by First Lieutenant (later Captain) George Montague Wheeler.

Brewer, et al., 1889 , Botany, California.

Botany report form the Geological Survey of California.

Coulter, 1885, Botany of the Rocky Mountain Region

Coulter (1885) ...

Sargent, 1888-1897, Garden & Forest

Garden & Forest was edited by Charles S. Sargent, who was the Director of the Arnold Arboretum and Professor of Agriculture in Harvard College, etc.

Names published in this publication:

• Juniperus scopulorum Sarg. “Rocky Mountain Juniper”

Heller, 1898, Catalogue of North American Plants North of Mexico

Amos Arthur Heller (March 21, 1867 – May 19, 1944) was an American botanist. Heller was born in Danville, Pennsylvania. In 1892, Heller received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Franklin & Marshall College. In 1897, he received a Master's degree in Botany from Franklin & Marshall College. From 1896 to 1898, Heller was a professor of Botany at the University of Minnesota. From 1898 to 1899, Heller worked on the Vanderbilt Expedition to Puerto Rico under the auspices of the New York Botanical Garden. Starting in 1905, Heller was a professor of Botany at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, California. After moving to California, Heller and his wife, Emily Gertrude Heller, founded the botanical journal Muhlenbergia and Heller continued to edit that journal until 1915.

Rydberg, 1906, Flora of Colorado

Rydberg (1906) …

Some systematic collection was done by Professor James Cassidy, Professor of Botany (1881-1889), in the intervals of his many duties, up to the time of his death in 1889. His successor, Professor C. S. Crandall, gave much time to the work, especially after the establishment of the experimental grass station in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture. This afforded occasion and opportunity for trips in search of promising species of native grasses. Subsequent collections, especially of forest products and grasses for the World's Fair in 1893, gave rise to further collecting trips to various parts of the State. Enthusiastic aid was given by Mr. J. H. Cowan, an energetic and promising student, who became Professor of Horticulture and Botany upon the resignation of Professor Crandall, but whose promising career was terminated by death before he had entered upon the active duties of the position.

The author has also consulted the various publications on the flora of Colorado. The most important of these are : T. C. Porter and J. M. Coulter, Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado; J.M. Coulter, Manual of the Botany of the Rocky Mountain Region; T. S. Brandegee, Flora of South-western Colorado; Alice Eastwood, Flora of Denver and Vicinity; John Torrey's report on E. James' collection in Long's Expedition; Asa Gray's reports on the collections of C. C. Parry, E. Hall and Harbour ; Professor E. L. Greene's various publications in Pittonia, Plantae Bakerianae and Leaflets and the publications of Professors T. S. Brandegee, Aven Nelson and M. E. Jones, Mr. G. E. Osterhout and Miss Alice Eastwood in the Botanical Gazette, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Zoe, Erythea and the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.

Rydberg, 1917. Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains

Rydberg (1917) ...

Rydberg (1922) ...

Rydberg's (1922) 2nd edition made no changes to our Colorado Chrysothamnus or Ericameria.

Turland, et al., 2018, ICBN

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017.

Cite this Code as: Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) 2018: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. DOI https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018

Previous versions of the Code.