Coll. No. 1200, Cirsium arvense

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1200, 12 Jul 2015, characters observed: Annual or perennial unknown, to 1 m., caulescent, described as dioecious, flowers examined appeared to have stamens without pollen and functional styles; Leaves, cauline, 140 mm. × 28 mm. wide, margins spiny, adaxial thinly tomentose (visible at 10× magnification), upper and middle leaves sessile and not decurrent; Heads, indented around top of peduncle; Involucre, 9-11 mm.; Phyllaries, 4-5 series, appressed, dark dorsal ridge, spine-tip, 1 mm., spreading; Receptacle, densely bristly; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers; Corolla, 15 mm., lobes, 4-5 mm., lavender; Pappus, bristles, feathery.

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1202, 12 July 2015, characters observed: Leaves, sessile and clasping, 35 mm. × 11 mm. wide, length 3.2× width, elliptic; Inflorescence, flowers in axillary racemes; Corolla, 3 mm, limb 5 mm., blue; Capsule, notched 0.2 mm.

The three Colorado floras, Harrington (1954), Weber and Wittmann (2012), and Ackerfield (2015), and one checklist (Snow, 2009) are inconsistent regarding recognition of V. anagallis-aquatica and V. catenata in Colorado, with V. salina mixed in. I have followed Ackerfield (2015). For Utah flora (Welsh, et al., 1993), this collection is firmly in V. catenata, whereas the Jepson Manual (Baldwin, 2012) clearly places this collection in V. anagallis-aquatica. We eagerly await the FNANM treatment.

Coll. No. 1203, Juncus bufonius

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1203, 12 Jul 2015, characters observed: Annual, to 15 cm., of wet places; Leaves, basal and cauline, sheath 19-20 mm., not bristle-tipped, auricles 0, blade, 45 mm., rolled, not equitant (leaves of two ranks each folded in half); Inflorescence, >½ total height of plant, appears terminal, bract erect, ±=inflorescence, but does not appear be a continuation of stem, 12-15 heads per inflorescence; Perianth, 3-5-4.0 mm.; Capsule, 3 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, oblong; Seeds, 0.3 mm., brown, not tailed.

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1205, 12 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, alternate, entire to toothed; Inflorescence, single heads on peduncles 13-18 cm., flowers of 2 kinds; Phyllaries, 2+ series, 17 mm. × 2.7 mm. wide, lance-linear; Receptacle, epaleate, setae, to 10 mm.; Rays, sterile, corolla, 21 mm. × 10 mm. wide, yellow, deeply 3-lobed; Disk flowers, corolla, 7 mm., purple; Pappus of 6+ aristate scales, 4 mm., awn 2×> body.

Coll. No. 1206, Verbascum blattaria

Coll. No. 1206, Verbascum blattaria

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1206, 12 Jul 2015, characters observed: Annual or biennial herb, to 1.5 m.; Stem, round; Leaves, basal and cauline, cauline leaves alternate, sessile; Inflorescence, raceme; Flowers, 1 per axil; Calyx radial, lobes 5, stalked glandular, glands clear; Corolla, ±rotate, early deciduous, falling with stamens as a unit; Petals, 5, united at base, yellow-orange, all slightly folded, none wide open; Stamens 5; Filaments, all hairy glandular; Ovary, superior; Style 1, persistent Stigma, entire; Fruit, spheric, to 1 cm.

Coll. No. 1207, Bromus japonicus

Coll. No. 1207, Bromus japonicus

Coll. No. 1207, Bromus japonicus

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1207, 13 Jul 2015, characters observed: Annual grass, to 40 cm.; Leaves, sheath, 60 mm. closed + 12 mm. open, pilose (but not densely so), ligule, membraneous, + some hairs, blade, hairy; Inflorescence, panicle, >leaves; Pedicel, 20 mm.; Spikelets, 1-3 per panicle branch, 22 mm. × 6 mm. wide, elliptical, drooping; Glumes, #2, <lowest floret, lower, 4.5 mm., veins 3, upper, 5.5 mm., veins 5; Rachilla, short hairy; Callus, glabrous; Florets, #12, 2-ranked, closely held hiding rachilla; Disarticulation between florets; Lemma, 8 mm. × 4 mm. wide, margin, hyaline, 0.5 mm., tip bifid, awn, #1, 5-12 mm. long, mid-spikelet awns longest, flattened at base, not twisted, attached near bifid tip.

Coll. No. 1208, Lupinus argenteus var. argenteus

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1208, 13 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, cauline, leaflets, adaxial glabrous; Calyx, spur <1 mm.; Banner, recurved from >mid-point (3.0-3.5 mm.), back hairy at middle; Keel, ciliate distally above. Unclear as to variety of L. argenteus or possible hybrid with L. caudatus.

Coll. No. 1209, Heterotheca villosa

Coll. No. 1209, Heterotheca villosa

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1209, 13 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Stem, curved multicellular hairs, glands; Leaves, cauline, alternate, 13 mm. × 4 mm. wide, oblong to oblanceolate, margin entire (some contorted after drying), tip small pointed, curved hairs, yellow glandular; Inflorescence, 1-7 heads per stem, single heads on short pedicels, flowers of 2 kinds; Bracts, unremarkable; Phyllaries, in 2+ graduated series, 2-7 mm. × <1 mm. wide, lance-linear, tips erect, hairy, glandular; Receptacle epaleate, hemispheric; Rays, sterile, corolla, 10 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, corolla, 5.0 mm., yellow; Pappus, outer of short scales and inner of long bristles (easier seen in mature fruit, in flower will appear as one series of long and short bristles), longest 5.5-6.0 mm., ≥disk flowers, short plumose; cypsela, 2.6 mm. × 1.2 mm. wide, hairy.

Coll. No. 1210, Helianthus pumilis

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1210, 13 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Inflorescence, heads borne singly on leafy stems, flowers of 2 kinds; Phyllaries in 2+ series, 6 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, erect, ovate, hairy abaxially and on margins, tip acuminate, not as “stiff” or “tough” as those of Coll. No. 1199; Rays, sterile, #10-12, corolla, 17 mm. × 6 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, corolla, 5 mm., yellow, lobes, #5, 1 mm., yellow; Pappus of few long (2.5 mm.) scales.

Coll. No. 1214, Hordeum brachyantherum in open water of spring.

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1214, 16 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 60 cm.; Leaves, sheath, 8 cm., glabrous, ligule, membraneous, 0.5 mm., auricles, unremarkable, blade, 11 cm., flat; Inflorescence, single spikes per culm, 9 cm., × 3 cm. wide, 2-ranked, fully exserted at maturity; Spikelets, 3 per node; Disarticulation, at nodes of rachis; Lateral spikelets, pedicelled, reduced, sterile, glumes, 18-20 mm., awn-like, scabrous at base; Central spikelet, glumes, 21 mm., similar in shape to lateral glumes, lemmas, 5 mm., awn, #1, 21 mm.

Coll. No. 1215, Eleocharis sp., probably E. palustris

Comments: 2017, Probably E. palustris.

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1217, 16 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 55 cm., scapose; Leaves, basal, 22 cm. × 1.5 mm. wide, lance-elliptic, glabrous; Inflorescence, spike, 42 mm. × 6-7 mm. wide, slightly wider at base; Sepals, outer two connate, 3 mm., mid-rib strong green, villous-ciliate distally; Corolla, scarious, lobes, #4, 2 mm.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1219, Bromus inermis

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1219, 16 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 1 m., rhizomatous; Leaves, sheath, 10-11 cm., closed, ligules, membraneous, short, auricles 0, blade, 12-13 cm., flat, distinctive M-shaped crimp mid-blade when fresh; Inflorescence, panicle, 15 cm. × 4 cm. wide; Spikelets, 1 per node, 15-24 mm. × 5 mm. wide; Glumes, #2, lower, 7 mm., veins 1, upper, 8 mm., veins 3; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Florets, 2-6 per spikelet; Rachilla, sparsely hairy, extends beyond upper floret; Callus, glabrous; Lemma, 11 mm., veins, 5,7, short hairy proximally, awns, #1, 1-2 mm.; Palea, 9 mm., veins ciliate.

My collection of Agrostis gigantea from Ranson/Edwards.

Coll. No. 1225, Agrostis stolonifera

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1225, 16 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 1 m., no sign of either rhizomes or stolons; Stem, nodes green; Leaves, sheath, open, glabrous at summit, ligule, membraneous, 4 mm., angled, auricles, 0 (double fold of proximal blade margin), blade, 85 mm. × 3.8 mm. wide, scabrous abaxially; Inflorescence, open panicle, 18 cm. × 14 cm. wide, deltate; Spikelets, 1 per node, on 1°-3° panicle branches, axis not extended beside or above floret; Glumes, #2, 2.2 mm., ±equal, keeled, scabrous on keel, veins 1, awns 0, purplish; Disarticulation above the glumes; Florets, 1 per spikelet, bisexual; Lemma, 1.8 mm., transparent, except 3 green veins, awns 0; Palea, 1.5 mm.; Anthers, #3, 1.4 mm., tan with purple abaxially.

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1232, 20 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm., caespitose but not mat-forming, scapose; Leaves, basal, petiole 8-10 mm. + blade 40-45 mm. × 12-18 mm. wide, elliptic-oblanceolate, adaxial tomentose but still ±green, abaxial densely white tomentose; Inflorescence, scape, 100 mm., bracts, #8, 2° branching, but not umbellate, 1° branch 35-40 mm., 2° branch (peduncle), ±15 mm.; Involucre, #8-10 per scape, tube 3.5 mm. + lobes 1 mm., rounded, reflexed; Flowers, stipe-like base, 0.8 mm.; Perianth, bright yellow, fading red, 6 mm. (measured from base of stipe), long straight hairy.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1231, Poa compressa

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1231, 20 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 50 cm.; Rhizomes, to 12 cm., ±1 mm. wide; Culms flattened; Nodes laterally compressed, marked by dark line; Leaves, cauline, sheath, 40-60 mm., open, glabrous, ligule, membraneous, 1 mm., auricle 0, blade, 55-85 mm., folded, tip prow-shaped, (veins coalescing); Inflorescence, panicle, 50 mm. × 7 mm. wide, moderately contracted; Spikelets, many, 1 per node, 5 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide; Glumes, #2, lower, 2 mm., veins 3, upper, 2.2 mm., veins 5 (outer pair visible at base of glume); Florets, #5+, bisexual (?, stamens early deciduous?, a few distal florets had small stamens just barely exserted), Rachilla, glabrous; Callus, glabrous; Lemma, 2 mm., veins 5, awns 0; Palea, 2 mm., ciliate on veins; Achene, 1.2 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, brown.

Coll. No. 1233, Centaurea diffusa

Coll. No. 1233, Centaurea diffusa

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1233, 20 Jul 2015, characters observed: Biennial/Perennial herb, to 50 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, 30 mm. × 12 mm. wide, pinnately lobed, much reduced and entire above, spine-tipped, margins not spiny; Inflorescence, heads borne singly, flowers of one kind; Involucre, 10 mm.; Phyllaries, 4+ series, graduated, 3.5-10.0 mm., all spine tipped, outer and middle with marginal fringe spines; Receptacle, flat, epaleate, bristly; Disk flowers, inner bisexual, Corolla, tube 7.5 mm. + lobes 3 mm., white; Pappus, 0, or very thin ring of scales.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1236, Monarda pectinata

Coll. No. 1236, Monarda pectinata

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1236, 20 Jul 2015, characters observed: Annual, to 25 cm., erect; Stem, hairs retrorse; Leaves, cauline, opposite, petiole 7 mm. + blade 35 mm. × 8 mm. wide, ovate-lanceolate, pinnate veined, margin serrate, gland-dotted; Inflorescence, axillary clusters; Corolla, 14 mm., upper lip prominent, color cream.

Coll. No. 1237, Elymus canadensis

Coll. No. 1237, Elymus canadensis

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1237, 20 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 1.2 m.; Inflorescence, terminal spike, 20 cm. × 5 mm. wide, drooping; Spikelets, sessile, 2 per node, 15 mm. × 5 mm. wide (excluding awns), ascending; Glumes, #2, body 10 mm. × 1 mm. wide + awn 15 mm. = 25 mm., veins 5?, entire, scabrous; Florets, #5, bisexual; Rachilla, short hairy; Callus, glabrous; Lemma, 13 mm., veins 5, rounded, hairy, awns, #1, 22 mm.; Palea, 9.5 mm.; Stamens, #3, 4 mm.

Coll. No. 1246, Campanula rotundifolia

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1246, 24 July 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, basal, ?, cauline, alternate, ±lance-linear, 52 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide; Inflorescence, solitary and loose racemes; Pedicel, 9 mm.; Calyx, tube 2.5 mm. + 5 lobes 2.5 mm. = 5.0 mm.; Corolla, 13 mm, blue-purple; Capsule, nodding, 5.5 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, opening by pores near the base.

Coll. No. 1247, Townsendia grandiflora

Habitat of Coll. No. 1247, Townsendia grandiflora, between two Mountain Mahogany.

Coll. No. 1247, Townsendia grandiflora

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1247, 24 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm.; Stem, hairs appressed; Leaves, opposite below, alternate above, 32 mm. × 3 mm. wide, long ciliate at base; Inflorescence, heads borne singly; Phyllaries, 5+ imbricate series, 13 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, ovate, margin ciliate, tip acuminate, green around prominent mid-vein, chartaceous margins; Receptacle, flat, epaleate, very short bristles; Flowers of two kinds; Rays, sterile, pappus, scales, 0.6 mm., corolla, 14 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, white; Disk, 14 mm. wide, pappus, bristles, 4.0 mm., corolla, 4.5 mm., yellow; cypsela, 4 mm. × 1.3 mm., flattened.

Coll. No. 1248, Undetermined

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1248, 24 Jul 2015, characters observed: Annual/Perennial unknown, to 50 cm.; Leaves, cauline, 10 mm. & times; 4 mm. wide, elliptical, toothed; Inflorescence, raceme, flower parts in 5s; Calyx, tube 1 mm. + 5 lobes 1 mm. = 2 mm.; Ovary, superior; Style, persistent; Fruit, capsule, 2.5 mm. × 1.8 mm., ovoid; Seeds, #1, 1.2 mm. × 0.8 mm., ovoid, light brown, smooth.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1249, Sorghastrum nutans	Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1249, Sorghastrum nutans	Dissected spikelets of Coll. No. 1249, Sorghastrum nutans	One branch of panicle, Coll. No. 1249, Sorghastrum nutans	Inflorescence spike of Coll. No. 1249, Sorghastrum nutans
Spikelets of Coll. No. 1249, Sorghastrum nutans

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1249, 26 Jul 2015: Perennial warm season grass, to 1.2 m.; Inflorescence, panicle, 12 cm., color distinct yellowish; Spikelets, paired (theoretically), sessile spikelet present, pedicellate spikelet absent leaving a hairy pedicel; Compression, ±dorsal (upper glume flattened); Glumes, 6 mm., ±equal, veins 7 prominent green, upper glabrous, lower hairy; Florets, 2 per spikelet, lower floret reduced and sterile, upper floret perfect; Lemma, 4.5 mm., membraneous, apex bifid and awned, awn, 12 mm., twisted, bent once; Palea, reduced or missing; Stamens, 3, 4 mm., yellow; Stigmas, 2, feathery, pink (turning brown?).

Coll. No. 1255, Solidago missouriensis

Coll. No. 1255, Solidago missouriensis

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1255, 26 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm., generally glabrous throughout; Leaves, cauline, petiole 45 cm. + blade 100 mm. × 21 mm. wide, oblanceolate, short toothed distally, glabrous, veins 5; Inflorescence, crowded panicle; Pedicels, 1 mm.; Bracts, #2, 1.8 mm.; Involucre, 4.5 mm. × 5 mm. wide, obconic; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, 2 kinds; Phyllaries, 2+ series, graduated, 2.2-3.5 mm., veins 1; Rays, fertile, tube 2 mm. + blade 2.2 mm., yellow; Disk flower, tube 2.8 mm. + lobes 0.7 mm. = 3.5 mm., yellow; Pappus, bristles, 3.0 mm.; cypsela, 0.4-0.6 mm., glabrous.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1257, Pseudognaphalium macounii

Coll. No. 1257, Pseudognaphalium macounii

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1257, 26 Jul 2015, characters observed: Annual (?) to 45 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, 40 mm. × 4 mm. wide, decurrent, lance-linear, entire, stalked glandular, tomentose abaxially; Inflorescence, branched axial and terminal; Heads in tight clusters, disciform; Involucre, 4 mm.; Receptacle, epaleate; Phyllaries in 4+ series, hyaline; Pappus, bristles.

Coll. No. 1258, Heterotheca foliosa

Comments: 2015, Treated as H. foliosa (Nutt.) Shinners by Ackerfield (2015), H. villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. foliosa (Nuttall) V. L. Harms by FNANM. H. fulcrata (Greene) Shinners misapplied. , 2015, Coll. No. 1258, 26 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial, to 40 cm.; Stem, spreading hairy, glandular; Leaves, cauline, alternate, 33 mm. × 9 mm. wide, oblong, margin entire, tip acute, appressed hairy; Peduncle, 15 mm.; Bracts, leafy, 10-16 mm. × 2.5 mm., lanceolate, some exceeding heads by 4-7 mm.; Involucre, 9 mm. × 14 mm. wide; Phyllaries, in 4+ graduated series, 4-9 mm. × 1 mm. wide, lanceolate, slightly keeled proximally, mostly green, abaxial surface glandular and hairy, margin hairy; Receptacle, epaleate, short (0.5 mm.) scales; Flowers, 2 kinds; Rays, sterile, corolla, 11 mm., yellow; Disk flowers, corolla, 7 mm., yellow; Pappus, short (0.6 mm.) and long (6 mm.) bristles, ≥disk corolla; cypsela, 1.3 mm., hairy.

Coll. No. 1260, Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus

Coll. No. 1260, Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus

Head of Coll. No. 1260, Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1260, 26 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial from rhizomes (not a tap-rooted annual), to 1 mm.; Leaves, cauline, opposite, 135 mm. × 32 mm. wide, rhomboid, margin, straight, short-toothed, green, not glaucus, adaxial scabrous-hispid, abaxial scabrous; Inflorescence, solitary heads on long peduncles; Peduncle, 25 cm.; Phyllaries in 3+ imbricate series, all similar, 8-9 mm. × 4 mm. wide, ovo-lanceolate, margin, ciliate, tips, erect; Receptacle, hemispheric, paleate; Paleae, 8 mm., ciliate distally; Rays, sterile, pappus, 2 scales 2.5 mm., corolla, 24 mm. × 6 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, fertile, pappus, crown of scales with 2 elongated to 4 mm., corolla, 5 mm., yellow to dark red distally; cypsela, 3.3 mm., compressed quadrangular.

Coll. No. 1261, Potentilla hippiana var. effusa

Coll. No. 1261, Potentilla hippiana var. effusa

Coll. No. 1261, Potentilla hippiana var. effusa

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1261, 29 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm., long straight hairy to wooly throughout, eglandular; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, compound, stipules, 18 mm., entire, petiole, 50 mm., blade, 50 mm. × 33 mm. wide, obovate, leaflets, #9, 23 mm. × 9 mm. wide, bases decurrent, margin, flat, toothed most of length; Inflorescence, cymose; Bractlets, 3 mm., slightly darker than calyx lobes; Calyx, lobes #5, 5 mm.; Petals, #5, 5 mm. × 4 mm. wide, yellow; Ovary, glabrous; Style, 2 mm., widest at base; Fruit, achene, #10, 1.5 mm. × 1 mm. wide, brown, smooth, glabrous.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1263, Paronychia jamesii

Coll. No. 1263, Paronychia jamesii

Comments: 2015, Coll. No. 1263, 29 July 2015, characters observed: Perennial erect subshrub, to 15 cm.; Leaves, cauline, opposite, 10 mm., linear, pointed, stipules, 4-5 mm., papery; Inflorescence, many-flowered cyme; Sepals, #5, 2.3 mm., greenish, awn-tipped; Petals, absent.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1264, Liatris punctata

Coll. No. 1264, Liatris punctata

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1264, 29 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 32 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, 78 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide, gradually reduced above, linear, glandular punctate, margins, entire, revolute, sparsely hairy; Inflorescence, single heads in axils on short pedicels; Involucre, 16 mm. × 7 mm. wide, ±cylindrical; Phyllaries, in 2+ series, inbricate, 14 mm. × 3.8 mm. wide, glandular-punctate abaxially distally, margin, ciliate, scarious, tip acute; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, one kind; Disk flowers; Corolla, tube white 8 mm. + lobes purple 2.5 mm.; Pappus, bristles, one series, 10 mm., plumose; Cypsela, 7 mm., hairy.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1266, Symphyotrichum porteri

Head of Coll. No. 1266, Symphyotrichum porteri

Coll. No. 1266, Symphyotrichum porteri

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1266, 29 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 35 cm., eglandular, generally not hairy; Stem ascending; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, 53 mm. × 3 mm. wide, lance-linear, many rolled, tip pointed, maybe spinulose, generally glabrous except some distal margins; Inflorescence, crowded, ±flat-topped; Heads borne simgly on short pedicels; Involucre, 5 mm. × 8 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 2+series, 3.5 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, ±equal, inner ≥ outer, mid-vein green, margins white proximally, green distally, tip acute; Receptacle, epaleate, convex (if not conic); Flowers of two kinds; Rays, fertile, corolla, 6.5 mm., white; Disk flowers, corolla, 3.0 mm., yellow; Pappus, bristles, barbed, single, 2.5 mm.; Cypsela, 0.7 mm., sparsely hairy.

Coll. No. 1269, Juncus arcticus var. balticus

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1269, 29 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial, to 1 m.; Leaves, basal sheaths only; Inflorescence, appears lateral; Bract, appearing to be extension of stem, 14-18 cm., >stem; Flowers, many per stem, (obs. 20); Stamens, 5.

Coll. No. 1270, Eremogene fendleri

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1270, 29 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, tufted, to 30 cm.; Stem, proximal glabrous, distal short glandular hairy “peg-like hairs”; Leaves, cauline, 50 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide, linear to needle-like, erect to appressed, tip small spinulose, stipules absent; Inflorescence, open cyme; Pedicels, 3-8 mm.; Sepals, distinct, 4.5 mm., glandular hairy; Petals, entire; Anthers, purple.

Coll. No. 1271, Oenothera villosa

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1271, 29 July 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 25 cm., ±straight hairy throughout; Stem, eglandular, villous, hairs with red pustular bases; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, 55 mm. × 12 mm. wide, elliptical, reduced above, entire, very shallowly toothed; Inflorescence, leafy bracteate spike; Sepals, #4, 13 mm., reflexed; Floral tube, 24 mm.; Petals, #4, 9 mm. × 5 mm. wide, yellow fading pink, obovate, entire; Stigma, lobes #4; Capsules, 25-33 mm.; Seeds, 0.8 mm., squarish, glabrous throughout.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1272, Thinopyrum intermedium

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1272, 20 July 2015, characters observed: Perennial grass, to >1 m., rhizomatous; Leaves, sheath, open, 19 cm., outer margin ciliate proximally, ligules, membraneous, 1 mm., auricles, 0, blade, 24 cm., involute; Inflorescence, 2-sided spike; Spikelets, 1 per node, sessile, ascending; Glumes, ±equal, 7.5-8.0 mm., stiff, veins 5, tip offset mucronate, awn 0, sparsely hairy on veins and margins; Florets per spikelet, 6; Lemma, 9 mm., stiff, veins 5, tip rudimentary awn; Palea, 8.5 mm., robust, fused to grain.

Coll. No. 1273, Mirabilis linearis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1273, 30 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 1 m.; Stem, ascending through brush, glabrous below; Leaves, cauline, alternate, sessile, 90 mm. × 5 mm. wide, linear; Involucre, 15 mm., hairs with pale crosswalls; Flowers, 3 per involucre; Fruit, 4 mm. × 2.2 mm., obovate, ribs 4, hairy.

Coll. No. 1274, Juncus

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1274, 30 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial, to 70 cm.; Leaves, present, sheaths terminating in a blade rather than a bristle tip; Inflorescence, appearing lateral, bract appearing to be a continuation of stem, 13-20 cm.; Flowers, per stem, ±50, subtended by a single bracteole (not a pair); Stamens, unknown; Capsule, 2 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide.

Coll. No. 1275, Eleocharis sp., probably E. palustris

Comments: 2018, Probably E. palustris.

Coll. No. 1276, Muhlenbergia wrightii

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1276, Muhlenbergia wrightii

Ligule of Coll. No. 1276, Muhlenbergia wrightii

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1276, 30 Jul 2015, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 60 cm., caespitose; Culms, erect, not rooting at nodes, short hairy; Leaves, sheath, open, 12 cm., ligule, membraneous, 1 mm., auricles 0, blade, 12 cm. × 1.5 mm., folded; Inflorescence, narrow (4 mm.) spike-like panicle; Spikelets, neither enclosed in burs nor in pairs; Florets, 1 per spikelet, reduced florets absent; Glumes, ±equal, 1.5 mm. + awn 0.5 mm.; Disarticulation, above the glumes; Lemma, 2 mm. × 0.5 mm. wide + awn 0.5 mm. (usually described as “mucronate” rather than awned); Palea, ?.

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1278, 20 August 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 70 cm., rhizomatous or rooting at nodes; Leaves, alternate, cauline, linear, 120 mm. × 8 mm. wide, reduced and more lanceolate above, glabrous, margin very shallowly toothed and lightly ciliate, entire above; Inflorescence, panicle with 1° and 2° branches; Heads borne singly on 10-15 mm. pedicels, 8 mm. × 10 mm. wide; Phyllaries in 3+ graduated series, 3-10 mm. margins white to tips diamond-shaped green, all tips acute, few hairs; Receptacle epaleate; Flowers of 2 kinds; Ray flowers, fertile, tube green 3.5 mm. + blade blue 9.5 mm. × 1.5 mm, spatulate-oblanceolate; Disk flowers, outer reddish-purple, inner yellow, corolla, 6.5 mm.; Pappus, bristles, 5 mm.; Cypsela, 3 mm × 1.2 mm. wide, glabrous, veins, 4, prominent.

Only var. geyeri is recognized in Colorado per Weber & Wittmann (2012) and Ackerfield (2015). However, the green apical zones of these phyllaries are more diamond-shaped than lanceolate suggesting var. laeve, especially if the phyllaries are described as strongly unequal. The possibility that these plants should be assigned to var. laeve or that var. geyeri should be considered a synonym of var. laeve is discussed in FNANM.

Coll. No. 1279, Symphyotrichum porteri

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1279, 20 Aug 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 25 cm., ascending, spreading by rhizomes and rooting stems, generally glabrous, except as noted; Leaves, alternate, cauline, lower leaves shriveled at flowering, largest mid-cauline, 28 mm. × 2 mm., reduced above, lanceolate, revolute, margin entire, tip acute; Inflorescence, cymose, single heads on short pedicels; Involucre, 6 mm. × 8 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 3+series, ±equal, 3 mm. × 0.4 mm. wide, imbricate, bases chartaceous, tips, green, acute, margins very lightly ciliate; Receptacle, convex, epaleate; Flowers of two kinds; Rays, fertile, corolla, 12 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, white; Disk flowers, corolla, 3.3 mm., light yellow; Pappus, bristles, 3 mm.; Cypsela, 1 mm., sparsely hairy.

Coll. No. 1280, Solidago rigida var. humilis

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1280, Solidago rigida var. humilis

Phyllaries of Coll. No. 1280, Solidago rigida var. humilis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1280, 28 August 2015, characters observed: Herbaceous perennial, to 70 cm., apparently reproducing in part by offsets (“caudices branching”), short spreading hairy throughout; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, #3-8, petiole, 15 cm., blade, 12.5 cm. × 6 cm. wide, ovate, entire, withered at flowering, cauline, alternate, sessile, 60 mm. × 27 mm. wide, ovate, entire, reduced above; Inflorescence, cymose, heads borne singly on short pedicels; Phyllaries, 2+ series, graduated, largest, 4.5 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, tip obtuse, veins 3, ciliate distally; Receptacle, convex, epaleate; Flowers of 2 kinds; Rays, fertile, corolla, 5.5 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, corolla, 5 mm., yellow; Pappus, bristles, 1 series; Cypsela, 1 mm., glabrous.

Coll. No. 1281, Artemisia ludoviciana

Entire leaves of Coll. No. 1281, Artemisia ludoviciana

Comments: 2016, In Weber & Wittmann (2012) and Ackerfield (2015) will key to Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. var. ludoviciana, because of the entire leaves. However, in FNANM, revolute margins lead one away from subsp. ludoviciana, perhaps in the direction of subsp. mexicana (Willdenow ex Sprengel) D. D. Keck. Most of the collections of A. ludoviciana Nutt. in Jefferson County, Colorado, are undetermined as to infraspecific taxa, and considerable variation in leaf margins and lobes can be seen in the specimens.

Coll. No. 1282, Muhlenbergia montana

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1282, Muhlenbergia montana

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1282, 28 Aug 2015, characters observed: Perennial grass, to 50 cm., caespitose; Leaves, sheath, open, ligule, membraneous, 4.5 mm., auricles, 0, blade, 110 mm. × 1 mm. wide; Inflorescence, rather sparse contracted panicle, 120 mm.; Florets per spikelet, #1; Glumes, #2, papery, toothed, lower, 1.5 mm., upper, 2 mm., teeth 3; Lemma, 3 mm. + awn 13 mm., flexuous, tuft of hairs at base; Palea, 2.8 mm.

Coll. No. 1285, Symphoricarpos occidentalis

Coll. No. 1285, Symphoricarpos occidentalis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1285, 28 Aug 2015, characters observed: Woody perennial, to 1 m.; Leaves, cauline, opposite, 45 mm. × 28 mm. wide, ovate, margin, entire, revolute, becoming toothed with age; Flowers, ±8 in dense axillary clusters; Corolla, tube 3 mm. + lobes 3 mm. = 6 mm., hairy at level of insertion of filaments; Stamens, exserted; Style, exserted; Fruit, 5 mm.

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1286, 28 August 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 45 cm.; Stem, glandular hairy; Leaves, cauline, opposite below, alternate above, 52 mm. × 20 mm. wide, ovate, reduced above; Sepals, #4, 3.5 mm., erect at anthesis; Flowers, limb, 5.5 mm.; Corolla, 5 mm., pink; Capsule, 40 mm.; Seeds, 1 mm., tuft of long white hairs at distal end;

Habitat of Coll. No. 1291, Symphyotrichum laeve

Flower head of Coll. No. 1291, Symphyotrichum laeve

Comments: 2016, Failed to take GPS reading, coordinates estimated from adjacent collections and GoogleEarth.

Coll. No. 1292, Solidago nana

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1292, 9 Sep 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm., short white hairy throughout; Leaves, basal, withered (late in season), cauline, alternate, 95 mm. × 9-10 mm. wide (includes 15 mm. winged petiole? below) veins, 1 (others discontinuous), margin hairs similar to surface hairs, i.e., not ciliate, gradually reduced and sessile above; Inflorescence, heads numerous and small, involucre, 5.5 mm.; Phyllaries, 3-4 series, imbricate, graduated, 3-4 mm., veins 1; Receptacle, epaleate, (scales? to 0.5 mm.); Flowers of 2 kinds; Rays, few (3-4), fertile? (stigma visible but cypsela not as developed as those of disk flowers), corolla, 6 mm., yellow; Disk flowers, few (6-8), corolla, 4 mm., yellow; Pappus, capillary bristles; Cypsela, 1.5 mm., short hairy.

Coll. No. 1293, Heterotheca villosa.

Coll. No. 1293, Heterotheca villosa

Comments: 1/19/2016, Coll. No. 1293, 9 Sep 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 80 cm.; Stem, short and spreading long hairs, glandular; Leaves, cauline, alternate, 30 mm. × 9 mm. wide, mid-cauline oblong, reduced and ovate-lanceolate above, sessile, strigose, eglandular margin entire, not contorted after drying; Involucre, 8-10 mm. × 9-12 mm. wide; Phyllaries in 3+ imbricate graduated series, 4.5-8 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, tip obtuse, dark spot, abaxially spreading hairy, margin ciliate, eglandular; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers of 2 kinds; Rays, fertile, corolla, 9 mm., yellow; Disk flowers, corolla, 6 mm., yellow; Pappus, 2 series of capillary bristles, outer 1 mm., and inner 5.5 mm.

Coll. No. 1296, Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya

Comments: 2016, Sterile lemma bristles have small pustulate bases, tip of fertile lemma does not have line of hairs.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1298, Senecio spartioides

Coll. No. 1298, Senecio spartioides

Flower Heads of Coll. No. 1298, Senecio spartioides

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1298, 23 Sep 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 50 cm.; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, alternate, 90 mm. × 3 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, reduced above to 30 mm. × 1 mm. wide, variously hairy in axils and ±lower surface; Involucre, 12.5 mm. × 6 mm., narrowly campanulate, bractlets not prominent; Phyllaries, 2 series? or 1 series with 2 forms? outer, 7.5 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, all green, inner, 7.5 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide, centrally green with margins chartaceous, all tips dark; Receptacle, epaleate; Rays, fertile, corolla, tube 5 mm. + blade 9 mm. × 2 mm. wide, yellow, lobes 3; Disk flowers, corolla, 6 mm., yellow; Pappus, 1 series of fine capillary bristles, 5 mm.; Cypsela, 4 mm., 5-angled, dark gray, “hirtellous” throughout (not just the angles).

Habitat of Coll. No. 1299, Dieteria bigelovii var. bigelovii.

Coll. No. 1299, Dieteria bigelovii var. bigelovii.

Flower head of Coll. No. 1299, Dieteria bigelovii var. bigelovii.

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1299, 23 Sep 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 60 cm.; Stem erect, stipitate-glandular, more dense above; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, alternate, sessile, 50 mm. × 4-5 mm. wide, reduced above, lance-linear, spinulose toothed; Inflorescence, panicle, heads borne singly on pedicels 10-20 mm.; Involucre, 8 mm. × 12 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 5+ series, imbricate, chartaceous below, green and stipitate-glandular above, tips, acuminate, reflexed; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers of 2 kinds; Rays, fertile, corolla, tube 4.5 mm. + laminae 10 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, spatulate, blue; Disk flowers, corolla, 6 mm., yellow; Pappus, capillary bristles, 6 mm.; Cypsela, 3 mm., hairy.

Coll. No. 1300, Symphyotrichum falcatum

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1300, Symphyotrichum falcatum

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1300, 23 Sep 2015, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm., scabrous throughout; Leaves, basal, unknown, cauline, alternate, sessile, 32 mm. × 2.7 mm. wide, linear-oblanceolate, entire, tip spinulose, gradually reduced above; Inflorescence, extended panicle; Involucre, 5 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide; Phyllaries, in 4 graduated series, 3-5 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, chartaceous below, green above, elliptical, tip spinulose except innermost; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers of 2 kinds, Rays, pistillate, corolla, tube 2.5 mm. + laminae 5 mm. × 1.3 mm, white spatulate; Disk flowers, corolla, 4 mm., some rose to purple, some yellow; Pappus, capillary bristles, 4.5 mm.; Cypsela, 1 mm., hairy.

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1304, 9 April 2016, characters observed: Perennial, acaulescent, Leaves, narrowly oblanceolate, strigose; Head, sessile (or apparently so), 12 mm. × 10-12 mm. wide; Phyllaries, many series, 8 mm., outer hairy, tipped by a tuft of tangled cilia, inner, margins and tip ciliate, but not tangled; Rays, #25-30, corolla 10 mm., white, pappus bristles, 5 mm.; Disc flowers, corolla 4.5 mm., yellow, pappus, 6 mm., bristles. The disc pappus being longer than the ray pappus could lead one to T. incana in Ackerfield (2015). Perhaps caulescence would be a better character.

Bract(s) at base of inflorescence of Coll. No. 1307, Claytonia rosea

Coll. No. 1307, Claytonia rosea

Comments: 2016, Basal leaves absent, stem leaves sessile and elliptic, inflorescence 1-bracteate.

Grossulariaceae Ribes aureum

Grossulariaceae Ribes aureum

Ribes aureum in winter.

Twigs of Ribes aureum in winter.

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1319, 4 May 2016: Perennial shrub, to 1 m.; Stem, unarmed; Leaves, fascicled, broadly ovate, 29 mm. × 22 mm. wide, lobes 3, obtuse; Hypanthium, 9 mm., bright yellow; Sepals, petaloid, 5 mm.; Petals, 2.5 mm.; Ovary, 2 mm.

Brassicaceae Thlaspi arvense

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1324, 4 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, tap-rooted, to 50 cm., generally glabrous throughout; Stem, single, or few-branched proximally; Leaves, basal and cauline, basal, withered at flowering, cauline, sessile, auriculate, oblong, 30 mm. × 5 mm. wide, reduced distally, toothed; Sepals, 2 mm.; Petals, 3 mm., white; Fruit, petiole 10 mm., ascending, fruit obovate, 10 mm. × 8 mm., wide, margin winged, tip deeply notched.

Comments: 2016, Common early-flowering perennial, to 20 cm.; Leaves, opposite, broadly linear, 15 mm. × 3 mm. wide, stipules absent, tufts of leaves in lower axils; Sepals free; Petals >>sepals, white, notched; Styles (4)5.

Coll. No. 1333, Ranunculus repens

Basal leaf of Coll. No. 1333, Ranunculus repens

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1333, 11 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, terrestrial of wet habitat, not alpine, appressed to spreading hairy throughout; Leaves, distributed along stem, alternate, compound; Flowers, radially symmetric, Sepals, spreading (not reflexed), 9 mm., long straight hairy; Petals, #5, 16 mm. × 12 mm. wide, yellow, not spurred, nectary scale free ≥½ length; Pistils many; Style absent; Achenes, (immature) 1.5 mm., beak straight to slightly curved.

I'm going with Ranunculus acris on this one rather than R. acriformis because: (1) sepals are spreading, not reflexed, (2) large petals, (3) the achene beaks don't look like they will become abruptly curved as they mature. Next time, I've got to be sure I collect basal leaves. , 8/25/2019, Examined, unclear whether the leaves identified as 1333.1 was in fact collected 5 Nov 2016.

Schweich collection of Alopecurus arundinaceus

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1334, 11 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, to 90 cm., rhizomatous; Leaves, Sheath, open, 10 cm.; Ligule, membraneous, 2 mm.; Auricles, 0; Blade, flat, 10 cm., glabrous, finely scabrous on margins; Inflorescence, spike-like, 80 mm. × 12 mm. wide, contracted panicle of up to 4 branches, spikelets many; Rachis, glabrous; Compression, lateral; Spikelets, similar, 1 per node, 1-flowered; Florets, 1 per spikelet; Glumes, #2, 4.5 mm., ±equal, keeled ciliate, veins 3, awns 0, apex acute, apices divergent; Lemma, 4 mm., < glumes, membraneous, keeled, glabrous, veins parallel, apex truncate to obtuse, awns #1, 1-2 mm., straight, attached middle; Palea, absent; Stamens, #3.

Coll. No. 1336, Capsella bursa-pastoris

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1336, 11 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, scapose, to 27 cm., hairs, sessile, stellate, 3-4 points, throughout; Leaves, basal, oblanceolate, 55 mm. × 16 mm. wide, deeply lobed, but not all the way to mid-rib; cauline, 4-5 stem leaves, lanceolate, 25 mm. × 10 mm. wide, base sagittate; Flowers, small, petals white; Fruit, obcordate, 4 mm. × 3.5 mm. wide.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1337, an Erigeron, maybe E. tracyi

Flowers of Coll. No. 1337, an Erigeron, maybe E. tracyi

Coll. No. 1337, Erigeron tracyi

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1337, 11 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, caudex simple (not stout), Stem, some with prior year's branches assumed to have been stoloniferous; Leaves, petioles, to 26 mm., oblanceolate, 8-12 mm. × 2-5.5 mm. wide, margin entire, short hairy and glandular (especially visible at high magnification), stem leaves not well-developed; Peduncle, spreading to descending multicellular hairs with clear crosswalls, slightly pustular (maybe) or glandular at high magnification; Phyllaries, in 2+ series, 4.5 mm. × 0.7 mm wide, spreading hairy, inner, margin, chartaceous; Receptacle, epaleate; Flowers, of two kinds; Rays, numerous, 7 mm., ligule, 4 mm. × 0.3-0.6 mm. wide, white-pink fading purple; Disk flowers, yellow; Pappus, ray and disk alike, inner, few capillary bristles, 4 mm., outer, short crown of scales, double pappus not particularly disgnostic in Erigeron.

Coll. No. 1340, Prunus virginiana

Flowers of Coll. No. 1340, Prunus virginiana

Coll. No. 1340, Prunus virginiana

Comments: 2016, FNANM distinguishes two varieties, an eastern var. virginia and a Rocky Mountains and west var. demissa (syn: var. melanocarpa) with plants of the high plains showing intergradation between those of the Rockies and those of the East. Based on measured characters used by FNANM of raceme length, petal length, and leaf shape and dimensions, this specimen is closer to var. virginiana, i. e., the eastern variety than it is to the western variety, i. e., var. demissa (syn: var. melanocarpa).

Coll. No. 1341, a plum, maybe Prunus domestica

Flowers of Coll. No. 1341, a plum, maybe Prunus domestica

Coll. No. 1341, Prunus domestica

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1341, 12 May 2016, characters observed; Small tree, to 3 m.; Stem, unarmed; Leaves, alternate, petiole, 3 mm., hairy, 2 glands at base, blade, likely immature, 20 mm. × 8 mm. wide, rhomboid / oblong / lanceolate, simple, bases equal, pinnately veined, margin toothed, hairy, but less on top than bottom; Pedicels, 8-10 mm., hairy below, thining above; Flowers, solitary in axils, perfect; Petals, free, white; Hypanthium, hairy inside; Ovary, superior; Style, 1; Stigma, 2; Fruit, unknown (not an acorn).

Coll. No. 1343, Woodsia oregana subsp. cathcartiana

Comments: 2016, Of the three characters that distinguish subsp. cathcartiana from subsp. oregana, two, spore size and adaxial epidermal cell size, require measuring in units of µm, something outside the usual abilities of the field botanist. The third character, regarding the cells on pinnule margins being irregular in shape making the margins appear ragged, can be seen with a good microscope.

Coll. No. 1345, Physaria vitulifera

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1345, 12 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, caespitose, stellate hairy throughout, flowering branches to 15 cm.; Leaves, basal, petiole 10 mm. + blade 23 mm. × 8 mm. wide, elliptic, weakly pinnately lobed, otherwise entire, cauline, alternate, 13 mm. × 4 mm. wide, oblancelate, entire; Pedicel, 5 mm., ascending, becoming s-shaped in fruit; Sepals, #4, 5 mm. × 1.5 mm. wide, lanceolate; Flowers, Petals, #4, 10 mm. × 2.5 mm. wide, color yellow; Stamens, #6; Style, #1, 4 mm., persistent; Fruit, didymous, 4.5 mm., round, hairy; Ovules, 4 per ovary.

Glandular teeth on leaf margin of Coll. No. 1354, Prunus pensylvanica

Coll. No. 1354, Prunus pensylvanica

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1354, 20 May 2016, characters observed: Small tree, to 3 m., branches unarmed; Leaves, petiole, 12 mm., very short hairy, blade, elliptic, 25 mm. × 20 mm. wide, margin, toothed, gland-tipped, veins of young leaves hairy abaxially; Flowers, clusters of 7-8 on pedicels to 14 mm.; Sepals, glabrous, few (2) glands on margins; Hypanthium, glabrous inside; Petals, 5-7 mm., white; Stamens, #12-15; Ovary, superior, glabrous; Style, #1, 4 mm., emerges from top of ovary; Fruit, unknown.

Coll. No. 1364, Potentilla fissa

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1364, 21 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, herb, caespitose, to 20 cm., terrestrial, not stoloniferous, glandular-hairy throughout; Leaves, basal, 12.5 cm. × 2.6 cm. wide, pinnately compound, leaflets, #11; cauline, reduced in size and number of leaflets, 4 cm. × 2 cm. wide, leaflets, #7; Inflorescence, congested cyme, with 5-7 flowers; Flowers, calyx, lobes, #5, 11 mm. × 4.5 mm. wide, fused at base, bractlets, 5 mm. × 1.3 mm. wide; Receptacle, hairy, <1 mm., Petals, 9 mm. × 7.5 mm. wide, color yellow; Stamens, many; Ovaries, many; Styles, widest at middle, attached laterally below top of ovary.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1366, Lepidium draba

Coll. No. 1366, Lepidium draba

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1366, 24 May 2016, characters observed: Perennial, herb, to 45 cm., spreading by rhizomes, hairs simple; Leaves, basal, not seen, cauline, sessile, base auriculate, 36 mm. × 12 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margin irregularly toothed, reduced above; Flowers, petals, white; Style, immature, 1 mm.; Fruit, silicle, immature, 1.3-1.5 mm. × 0.5-1.0 mm. wide, flattened, wings 0, glabrous, reticulate-veined.

Coll. No. 1367, Alyssum simplex

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1367, 24 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, to 30 cm., stellate hairs throughout; Leaves, basal, withered at flowering, appear compound, cauline, alternate, oblanceolate, 17 mm. × 4 mm. wide, margin entire, tip acute; Pedicels, in fruit, 4.5 mm.; Sepals, 2 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, deciduous in fruit; Flowers, petals, yellow; Stamens, 2.5 mm.; Filaments, 2.0 mm., winged, 1.5 mm.; Fruit, silique, 5 mm. × 5.6 mm. wide, orbicular, flattened.

Coll. No. 1371, Arnica fulgens

Flower head of Coll. No. 1371, Arnica fulgens

Comments: 2016, Perennial herb of wetlands or moist areas, to 35 cm., glandular hairy throughout; Leaves, mostly basal and few cauline, basal, axils with 5 mm. brown wavy hair, petiole 70 mm. + blade 60 mm. × 12 mm. wide, 5 × longer than wide, cauline, opposite, sessile, ±2 pair, much reduced; Inflorescence, single heads on peduncle to 80 mm., flowers of two kinds; Involucre, 13 mm. × 22 mm. wide; Phyllaries, 2 ±equal series, 11-12 mm.× 3 mm. wide, green with dark tips; Receptacle epaleate; Rays, #12, fertile, tube 3 mm. + blade 16 mm. × 7 mm. wide = 19 mm., corolla yellow; Disc flowers, tube 7 mm. + lobes ≤1 mm. = 8 mm.; Pappus, bristles, 9 mm., white; Anther, yellow; Achene, 5 mm., short hairy. Described from Coll. No. 1119, 28 May 2015, and Coll. No. 1371, 29 May 2016. Subtribe Arnicinae is a sister subtribe to Madiinae (tarweeds) and Hulseinae, which contains both Hulsea and Eatonella, both common in the Mono Lake basin. Holotype: BM?, Isotype: PH.

Coll. No. 1376, Draba reptans

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1376, 29 May 2016, characters observed: Annual, from slender taproot, to 10 cm.; Leaves, basal, withered in fruit, entire, cauline, 0-1 pair per stem, 6 mm. × 2 mm. wide, entire, hairs branched; Pedicels, glabrous; Flowers, petals, color unknown; Fruit, distributed in upper ⅕-⅓ of rachis.

Coll. No. 1383, Linum perenne

Comments: 2016,

Definitely Linum, maybe L. perenne because the styles are consistently longer than the stamens, which, in Weber & Wittmann (2012), would put us in L. perenne rather than L. lewisii. The key in Ackerfield (2015) does not discriminate between the two taxa based upon characters that can be observed with this collection.

Coll. No. 1385, Oxytropis lambertii

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1385, 1 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, acaulescent, mostly dolabriform hairs (one arm much shorter than the other); Leaves, basal, pinnately compound, leaflets #17, terminal leaflet present; Inflorescence, raceme, peduncle 30 cm., pedicels very short; Bracts, 7 mm. × 1.6 mm. wide, green, lanceolate; Calyx, tube 7 mm. + lobes 4 mm. = 11 mm.; Flower, zygomorphic, various shades of magenta to purple, banner, 17 mm., wings, 16 mm., keel, 13 mm., blades united enclosing stamens, recurved beak; Stamens, #10, diadelphous.

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1387, 1 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 30 cm.; Stem, not winged; Leaves, stipules, 3 mm. × 10 mm. wide, lobed, not connate, nectary 0; cauline, compound, odd-pinnate, leaflets #8, + forked tendril; Inflorescence, raceme, 4-5 flowered, pedicel 17 mm.; Flowers, zygomorphic, 20 mm.; Style, round, ring of hairs below stigma; Legume, stipe 5 mm. + body 20 mm. × 3 mm. wide + persistent style 2 mm.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1388, Euphorbia spathulata

Coll. No. 1388, Euphorbia spathulata

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1388, 1 June 2016, characters observed: Annual, tap-rooted, to 25 cm., glabrous throughout; Leaves, cauline alternate, 26 mm. × 9 mm. wide, spatulate, toothed; Inflorescence, umbellate, flower a cyathium; Capsules, 2.5 mm. × 2.8 mm. wide, warty-tuberculate.

Coll. No. 1394, Vicia americana

Coll. No. 1394, Vicia americana

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1394, 1 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 30 cm.; Stem, not winged; Leaves, stipules, 4 mm. × 15 mm. wide, reduced above, lobed, not connate, nectary 0; cauline, compound, odd-pinnate, leaflets #6-8, + simple tendril; Inflorescence, raceme, 4-5 flowered, pedicel 17 mm.; Flowers, zygomorphic, 14 mm., smaller than var. americana; petals, ±white, banner pink at point of inflection; Style, round, abaxially hairy below stigma; Legume, stipe ? mm. (indistinct) + body 32 mm. × 4 mm. wide + persistent style 2 mm.

Coll. No. 1395 Galium aparine

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1395, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Annual/perennial unknown, weak-stemmed and scrambling through shrubs and grass; Stem, retrorsely scabrous on angles (but not densely so); Leaves, whorls of 6-8 (more leaves above, fewer below), 46 mm. × 4 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margins retrorsely scabrous, tips with a short spine; Flowers, corolla, greenish-white, lobes 1 mm.; Fruit, 1.3 mm., covered with hooked hairs.

Coll. No. 1397, Physocarpus monogynus

Comments: 12/1/2016, Coll. No. 1397, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Shrub, height unknown (growing in ravine); Leaves, alternate, simple, hairs stellate, petiole, 10 mm., blade, 30 mm. × 33 mm. wide, ovate, palmate-veined, doubly crenate; Inflorescence, umbellate corymb, ±20-flowered; Pedicels, 8-12 mm.; Flowers, limb, 12 mm., petals, 4.5 mm., color cream; Styles, 2.

Coll. No. 1398, Astragalus agrestis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1398, 8 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 15 cm., caulescent, basifixed straight appressed hairy throughout; Leaves, cauline, alternate, stipules, 5 mm., connate opposite petiole, compound, odd-pinnate, leaflets, #13, 8 mm. × 2 mm. wide, straight hairy, tip round; Inflorescence, upright ovoid cluster; Calyx, tube 4.5 mm. + lobes 3.5 mm. = 8 mm., mix of white and black hairs; Flowers, zygomorphic, 11 mm., blue-purple; Style, 7 mm., persistent; Legume, immature, 5 mm. × 1.7 mm. wide, stipe very short (0.4 mm.?), dense long straight soft hairy.

Schweich collection of Scorzonera laciniata

Comments: 2016, Southwest side of North Table Mountain, along City of Golden North Table Mountain Trail, 2.3 km. north of the GNIS location of Golden.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1401.1, Eriogonum arcuatum var. arcuatum

Coll. No. 1401.1, Eriogonum arcuatum

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1401.1, 8 Jun 2015, characters observed: Perennial, caespitose, to 10 cm.; Leaves, basal, elliptic, petiole 10 mm. + blade 30 mm. × 12 mm. wide, adaxial greenish floccose, abaxial tomentose; Flowering stems, without a whorl of bracts mid-stem; Inflorescence, umbellate (simple, not compound); Involucre, sessile (not peduncled), 4.5 mm., hairy, teeth, very short; Flowers, (obscurely) attenuate at base; Perianth, 4.5-6.0 mm., bright yellow, hairy.

Coll. No. 1407, Oenothera cespitosa var. macroglottis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1407, 8 Jun 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 20 cm., glabrous, except as noted; Stem, short, to 4 cm., but definitely there; Leaves, petiole, 90 mm., blade, 90 mm. × 28 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margin toothed, straight hairy; Buds, sparsely hairy on veins; Flowers, solitary in axils, floral tube 100 mm., petals, 37 mm., yellowish, most drying purplish; Stigma, 4-lobed; Capsule, 27 mm. × 5 mm. wide, valve ridges not tuberculate.

The leaves are toothed and not deeply lobed or deeply toothed, and there are no tubercules on the valve ridges of the capsules. Therefore, I am using var. macroglottis rather than var. marginata. Advice of changed determination would be greatly appreciated.

Coll. No. 1412, Erysimum capitatum

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1412, 10 Jun 2016, characters observed: Biennial or short-lived perennial, to 33 cm., proximal hairs 2-rayed; Sepals, 9 mm.; Petals, 16-19 mm., orange; Anthers, 3.5-4.0 mm., Fruit, 34 mm. × 0.7 mm., ascending; Seed, unknown.

Weak evidence that this might be var. purshii were infraspecific taxa to be recognized in Colorado (Ackerman, 2015).

Coll. No. 1413, Lepidium campestre

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1413, 10 Jun 2016, characters observed: Annual, tap-rooted, to 35 cm., hairs simple throughout; Leaves, basal, petiole 10 mm. + blade 40 mm. × 12 mm. wide, oblanceolate, margin wavy, tip rounded, cauline, 21 mm. × 7 mm. wide, lanceolate, base auriculate, margin dentate (scalloped, though the term is rarely used); Inflorescence, terminal raceme, 72 mm. × 21 mm. plus several axillary racemes; Sepals, 1.2 mm. × 0.8 mm. wide, green, purple distally, margin chartaceous; Petals, 1.3 mm., white; Style, 1, 0.5 mm., persistent; Fruit, pedicel, horizontal, 5 mm., silicle, 4.5 mm. × 3 mm. wide, margin, winged, 0.2 mm. at middle, 1 mm. at apex.

Habitat of Coll. No. 1417, Allium, perhaps A. geyeri

Coll. No. 1417, Allium geyeri

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1417, 10 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, geophyte, to 40 cm.; Bulb, 20 mm. × 20 mm. wide, ovoid, outer coat with coarse fibers; Leaves, #2-3, 24 cm. × 1.5 mm. wide, somewhat withered at anthesis; Inflorescence, umbel; Bracts, #3, 14 mm., prominently 1-veined; Flowers, #29, tepals, 7 mm., pink; Seed, unknown.

Inflorescence of Coll. No. 1420, Poa pratensis

Roots of Coll. No. 1420, Poa pratensis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1420, 10 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial grass, rhizomatous (although of material collected for three vouchers, only one has rhizomes), not strongly flattened, to 75 cm.; Sheath, open about ½; Ligule, membraneous, 0.7 mm.; Auricles, 0; Inflorescence, much-branched open panicle, branches scabrous; Spikelets, one per node, 4 mm., awns 0; Florets, 3 per spikelet, reduced florets above fertile floret, #1 ♀, #2-3 ♂, Rachilla, extends 1 mm. above upper floret, not hairy; Glumes, #2, keeled, scabrous, lower, 2.0-2.3 mm., veins 1, upper, 2.5-3.0 mm., veins 3, prominent; Lemma, 3 mm., veins 5, keeled, tuft of hairs at base, >⅓ lemma; Palea, 2.3 mm., veins 2, green, otherwise translucent.

Coll. No. 1421, Erigeron vetensis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1421, 10 Jun 2016, characters observed: Perennial, to 12 cm., sparse multicellular hairs with clear crosswalls to 0.8 mm., plus very small (<0.1 mm.) peg-like glands, throughout; Leaves, basal, petiole 45 mm. + blade 65 mm. × 5 mm. wide, narrowly oblanceolate, cauline, reduced in size, #4-5, sessile, 15 mm. × 2.1 mm. wide, oblanceolate; Inflorescence, scapose, 21 cm.; Heads, mostly borne singly; Involucre, 5 mm. × 11 mm. wide; Phyllaries, subequal, in 2 rows, 5 mm. × 0.7 mm. wide, margins not ciliate, tip acuminate; Flowers of 2 kinds, Ray flowers, fertile, corolla, 11 mm. × 1.6 mm. wide, ±white, fading blue; Disk flowers, corolla, 4.0 mm., yellow, lobes triangular, style branch appendages triangular; Pappus, short (0.3 mm.) and long (2.2 mm.) capillary bristles; Cypsela, 1.5-1.6 mm.

Coll. No. 1426, Helianthus pumilis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1426, 15 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 40 cm.; Leaves, cauline, alternate, simple, petiole 7 mm. + blade 86 mm. × 30 mm. wide, adaxial, pustular hairy, hairs multicellular, crosswalls clear, abaxial, glandular and hairy; Inflorescence, few heads borne singly on peduncles to 8 cm., hairy, glandular; Phyllaries, 2+ series, similar, 10-8 mm. × 2-3 mm. wide; Receptacle, slightly convex, paleate, Palea, 9 mm., tip, glandular, hairy; Flowers, 2 kinds; Disk, 17 mm. wide; Ray flowers, sterile, 25 mm. × 9 mm. wide, yellow; Disk flowers, 6 mm., not laterally compressed, anther appendages reddish-brown; Pappus, 2 aristate scales.

Flower heads and basal leaf of Coll. No. 1427, Hymenopappus filifolius var. polycephalus

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1427, 15 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 60 cm.; Leaves, basal, to 140 mm. × 50 mm., oblanceolate in shape, base conspicuously tomentose, bipinnately dissected to filiform segments, ultimate leaf divisions 12-19 mm., cauline, reduced above, #7-8; Heads, 10-16 per stem; Phyllaries, in 1 series, 6 mm. × 2.8-4.0 mm. wide, green, tomentose, margins chartaceous; Flowers, 1 kind; Disk flowers, corollas, 3.5 mm., yellow; Pappus, crown of scales, 0.8-1.2 mm.; Cypsela, 3 mm., hairy all over to just on margins.

Coll. No. 1441, Hesperis matronalis

Comments: 2016, Coll. No. 1441, 15 June 2016, characters observed: Perennial herb, to 50 cm., hairs, forked on stem, leaf, and sepal, but not fruit; Leaves, basal, withered at flowering, cauline, petiole 3-5 mm. + blade 100 mm. × 35 mm. wide, lanceolate, margin, small-toothed; Inflorescence, raceme; Sepals, #4, 5-6 mm., green, margins purple; Petals, #4, 13 mm. × 4 mm. wide, clawed, purple; Fruit, silique, 40 mm. × 0.6 mm. wide; Seed, 1.7 mm., brown, glabrous.